The document provides information on ZigBee technology and its target markets. It discusses ZigBee's advantages such as being a standard in a fragmented market, having low power consumption, low cost, and high node density. Key target markets mentioned include consumer electronics, home automation, healthcare, and industrial applications. The document also provides details on ZigBee specifications, characteristics, and how it compares favorably to Bluetooth in aspects like power consumption and latency for applications like light switches.

1. Market Application Landscape
Graphics Hi-Fi Digital
Text Internet audio Streaming video Multi-channel
video video
WAN
Long Range
GSM/CDMA GPRS/3G LMDS
Wi-Fi Wi-Fi5
802.11b LAN
802.11a/HL2
Short Range
ZigBee Bluetooth 2
802.15.4 WiMedia
Bluetooth 1 802.15.3
802.15.1 PAN
Low Data Rate High Data Rate
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2. Why ZigBee?
• Standard in a fragmented market
– Many proprietary solutions, interoperability issues
• Low Power consumption
– Users expect battery to last months to years!
• Low Cost
• High density of nodes per network
• Simple protocol, global implementation
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3. ZigBee -Target Markets
• TV
• VCR
• Monitors • DVD
• Sensors Industrial & Consumer
• CD
• Automation Commercial Electronics • Remote
• Control
PC
Peripherals
• Mouse
Personal Low Data Rate • Keyboard
Healthcare Radio Devices • Joystick
• Gamepad
• Monitors
• Diagnostics
• Sensors • Security
• PETs Home
Toys • HVAC
• Gameboys Automation • Lighting
& • Educational • Closures
Games
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4. ZigBee Technology Adoption Curve
Gap
Evangelize Technology Early Adopters Mature Market Laggards
Leaders
ZigBee today
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5. ZigBee Rate of Adoption
Market Matures
Home Control Adoption
Volume
Industrial Adoption
Initial Adoption
Time
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6. Standards Expectations
This will satisfy
all requirements
Market Expectations
Disillusionment
Everything
Market is OK
Interest Products
Builds start to ship
Obituaries
ZigBee today
Written
Time
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7. Market Size – Low Data Rate (No )
Low Data Rate Market
600
500
Million units
400
300 Others
200 Industrial Applications
100 Home Environment
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Years
Source: ABI, Dataquest, Internal
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8. Market Segmentation 2002 - 2006
Segment Market Share 2002
•Industrial Applications will drive initial
market
0% •Home Environment will become
48% Home Important
Industrial
52% Others • Over time, there will be varied
Applications (Other)
Segm ent Market Share 2005
18%
Home
13%
Industrial
Others
69%
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9. Some Details - Home Controls
• Energy Management is going to be a key aspect
• Even if we are to ignore the Building Auto and
Industrial Markets for a few minutes….
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10. • Founding Members • Associate Members
– Cisco – ADT Security Services – Metering Technology
– GM – Autco Distributing – N.E.W. Customer Service
– Invensys – AVAD Companies
– The NewPower – Coactive Networks – Qubit Technology
Company – CompUSA – Reliant Energy
– Panasonic – Connected Lifestyles – Sage Systems
– Sears – Echelon – Sempra Energy Connections
– emWare – Ucentric Systems
• Contributing Members – Gatespace – Visteon
– Best Buy – Home Director – Western Digital
– Sun – Honeywell – zBox
– Info-linc
The Connected Home:
• The features of a connected home exist today; they are not dreams of tomorrow. This home is
connected in the sense that normally independent systems are linked to a centrally controlled
system. In a connected home, your home computer, TV, lighting and heating controls, home security
system and many appliances within the home can talk to each other via the Internet. These linked
systems can be controlled through various devices, including your pager, cellular phone, TV, home
PC, PDA, or even your automobile.
• More specifically, the connected home offers the following: new forms of entertainment; anywhere,
anytime communication with family, friends and coworkers; advanced home control and security;
new ways to buy over the Internet; safe and secure e-mail and other communications; and always-on,
high speed Internet access - all from reliable providers.
Source: Internet Home Alliance the Advantage magazine.
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11. Internet Home Alliance Survey Findings
Zigbee can provide or help provide 3 of the 5 top features customers want
in a connected home
Interest in Individual Features
of the Connected Home
100%
Zigbee use in thermostat
Zigbee sensors eliminate the need to
90% simplifies wiring and
run wires throughout the house and
connectivity to the Internet
80% make adding a new system to an old
house realistic
70% Zigbee’s technical
characteristics and cost
60%
% of are ideal for DAP
respondents50% applications
interested
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Video on Demand Web-based Home Anywhere, Internet control of e-Kitchen
Security anytime file heat/HVAC
access
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Source: Zanthus CEO interview, Internet Home Alliance The Advantage magazine.
11

12. Connected Home Pilot Programs
Energy Management OnStar at Home
• June to October 2001 • To begin Q1 2002
– 300 households – 100 households
• Tested the effectiveness of • Integrated OnStar’s Virtual Advisor
energy management systems service with home security, control
– NewPower initiated and telecommunications
components
periodic energy
curtailments (e.g. raising – Provides an easy to use,
the temperature a few consistent interface to control
degrees during peak hours) home systems such as lighting,
to save money temperature and home security
– Individuals could override – Homeowners will be able to
the curtailments manually control their home operations
or through a Web portal from any, PC, telephone, WAP
phone or wireless PDA in
addition to OnStar’s PCS service
Source: Website, Mercer interview.
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13. Home Networking
Home appliances will complement additional Zigbee markets
Volume Comparison Between Home Appliances and CE devices
50 (Unit shipments in the US in 2000)
45
40
35
Unit
Shipments 30
in 2000
25
(in millions)
20
15
10
5
0
Washer/ Micro- A/C Fridge/ Water Cooking Dish- Furnace Cell TV VCR DVD
Dryer wave Freezer Heater washer Phone
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Source: US shipments in 2000 from Appliance Magazine March 2001, Time “Machine of the Year 2000”.
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14. Market Requirements
• Global licence free ISM band operation
• Unrestricted geographic use
• RF penetration through walls & ceilings
• Automatic/semi-automatic installation
• Ability to add or remove devices
• Possible voice support
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15. Market Requirements, cont...
• 10k-115.2kbps data throughput
• 10-75m coverage range (home/garden)
• Support for 32-255 nodes
• Support for 4 critical devices
• 4-100 co-located networks
• 0.5-2 year battery life
• Up to 5m/sec. (18kmph) permitted mobility
• Module cost: $1.5-$2.5 in 2004/5!
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16. ZigBee - General Characteristics
• Data rates of 250 kbps and 20 kbps
• Star topology, peer to peer possible
• 255 devices per network
• CSMA-CA channel access
• Optional Guaranteed Time Slot
• Fully handshaked protocol for transfer reliability
• Low power (battery life multi-month to years)
• Dual PHY (2.4GHz and 868/915 MHz)
• Extremely low duty-cycle (<0.1%)
• Range: 10m nominal (1-100m based on settings)
• Location Aware: Yes, but optional
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17. ZigBee Alliance - IEEE - Customer
Relationship
Customer
Application
Application Interface
Network Layer
ZigBee Alliance
Data Link Layer
MAC Layer
IEEE
MAC Layer
PHY Layer
ZigBee
Silicon Application
Stack
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18. Range Estimation (Meters)
0dBm 10dBm 20dBm
250kbps
10 20 40
Using Firefly TRD/RSI propagation model
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19. Network Topology
Network coordinator
Network node
IEEE node
Communications flow
Virtual links
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20. Other Network Forms
Network coordinator
Ad-hoc network
Network node
Gateway
Communications flow
Gateway enabled network
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21. Supported Traffic Types
• Periodic data
– Application defined rate
• Intermittent
– Basic communication
• Repetitive low latency data
– Allocation of guaranteed time slots
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22. The Network Coordinator
• Transmits network beacons
• Sets up a network
• Manages network nodes
• Stores network node information
• Routes messages between paired nodes
• Receives constantly
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23. The Network Node
• Is generally battery powered
• Searches for available networks
• Transfers data from its application as necessary
• Determines whether data is pending
• Requests data from the network coordinator
• Can sleep for extended periods
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24. Stack System Requirements
• 8-bit µC, e.g. 80c51
• Full protocol stack <32k
• Simple node only stack ~4k
• Coordinators require extra RAM
– node device database
– transaction table
– pairing table
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25. The ZigBee Alliance

26. Some Participants
CompXs
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27. Standardization Challenge
How do we make a protocol a standard?
• ZigBee Alliance created with companies who share a
common vision
• Alliance initiates need for low data rate W-PAN in
IEEE, 802.15.4 is born
• Both MAC and PHY proposals win vote in IEEE
• Alliance is focussed on:
– Upper Layers of stack
– Interoperability
– Marketing
• Keep initial participants limited until spec basics are
defined
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28. ZigBee vs Bluetooth
Competition or Complementary?

29. But ZigBee is
Bluetooth is Best
Better
For : IF :
• Ad-hoc networks between • The Network is static
capable devices • Lots of devices
• Handsfree audio • Infrequently used
• Screen graphics, • Small Data Packets
pictures…
• File transfer
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30. Air Interface:
ZigBee Bluetooth
DSSS FHSS
11 chips/ symbol 1 M Symbol / second
62.5 K symbols/s
4 Bits/ symbol
Peak Information Rate
Peak Information Rate
~720 Kbit/second
~128 Kbit/second
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31. ZigBee Protocol Stack
Size/Complexity
Application
Application Interface
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
MAC Layer
MAC Layer
PHY Layer
ZigBee
Silicon Application
Stack
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32. Bluetooth Protocol Stack Size/Complexity
User Interface
l a Cv
t es dae H
Fax
sse d o C
e o Nv
d a Cv
Service
ll a C puo G
m cr e n
o t I
e gasse Mv
pul a D
r
Discovery
l r
r
t
gn kr o w e N
- i
Telephony OBEX Protocol
t
Control
Protocol RFCOMM
HOST
i
(Serial Port)
ec o V
L2CAP
i
Host Control Interface
Link Manager
Link Controller
MODULE
Baseband
RF
Bluetooth
Silicon Applications
Stack
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33. Timing Considerations
ZigBee:
• New slave enumeration = 30ms typically
• Sleeping slave changing to active = 15ms typically
• Active slave channel access time = 15ms typically
Bluetooth:
• New slave enumeration = >3s
• Sleeping slave changing to active = 3s typically
• Active slave channel access time = 2ms typically
ZigBee protocol is optimized for timing critical applications
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34. Initial Enumeration
ZigBee Bluetooth
Coordinator Coordinator
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35. Power Considerations
ZigBee Bluetooth
• 2+ years from ‘normal’ • Power model as a mobile
batteries phone (regular charging)
• Designed to optimise slave • Designed to maximise ad-
power requirements hoc functionality
Application example of a light
switch with respect to latency and
power consumption …...
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36. Battery Life & Latency in a
Lightswitch
• Bluetooth would either :
– keep a counter running so that it
could predict which hop
frequency the light would have
reached or
– use the inquiry procedure to find
the light each time the switch was
operated.
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37. To reduce latency, Bluetooth would:
• The two devices must stay within 60 us (~1/10 of a hop)
• 30ppm crystals => could increase at 60us per second.
• Devices communicate once a second to track each other's
clocks.
• Possibly could be improved by a factor of 100.
• The devices would then need to communicate once every 100
seconds to maintain synchronisation.
• => 900 communications / day with no information transfer
• + perhaps 4 communications on demand
• 99.5% Battery Power wasted
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38. To reduce power consumption, Bluetooth
would
• Undertake Bluetooth inquiry procedure when light switch
operated
• May typically take 10 seconds using Bluetooth 1.1 ?
• Much Better In Bluetooth 1.2
– possibly reduced to tens of ms BUT
– Not all requirements have been adopted yet
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39. Light switch Conclusion
• ZigBee radio using DSSS need only perform CSMA
before transmitting, a delay of only 200 us (Radio
wake up time)
• In the case of a light switch, ZigBee offers longer
battery life and lower latency than a Bluetooth
equivalent.
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40. Solution Prices
ZigBee:
• Price 2003 - $6
• Price 2005 - $1.5-2.5
Bluetooth:
• Price Now - $10
• Price 2005 - $5
Two different solutions optimised for different applications…...
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41. Conclusion
• ZigBee and Bluetooth are two solutions for two application
areas
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42. ZigBee in Building Automation
• Existing solutions are either:
– Power Line Carrier based (PLC)
• Expensive ($15 - $40 BOM)
• Restricted to where there is existing power lines
• No mobility
• Interference from noisy inductance into the system
(adding a fan, etc.)
• Security issues, PLC goes outside the home
• Interoperability is questionable
– Or proprietary
• Interoperability among various manufacturers
• Cost
• Existing RF solutions have limited capabilities
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43. ZigBee - Bluetooth - PLC Comparison
ZigBee Bluetooth PLC
Cost (BOM) $5 $10 $15-$40
Power years hours N/A
Data Rate 250Kbps 720Kbps 3/10 Mbps
Complexity Low Medium High
Density 255 + 7 20-250
Interop Yes Yes No
Ease of Use Simple Moderate Restrictive
Latency 15ms >3s <15ms
Interference Low High High
Security High High Low
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