pharmacognosy "cardamom" botanical origin allied species macro & microscopical character active constituent uses mechanism of action contraindications pharmaceutical dosage form available in the market recent researches

1. 4/17/2015
1

2. Made By: 151-160 1st year pharmacy4/17/2015
2

3.  Part use:
Dried unripe seeds of Elettaria cardamomum.
Family: Zingiberaceae.
“Recently separated from the fruits”
4/17/2015
3
Botanical Origin
Pharmacognosy2135 for pharmacy students first year - second

4.  The fruit:
Kind; loculicidal capsule
 The seed:
Embryo; straight
Kind; albuminous
Ovule; anatropous
Outgrowth; arrilus
4/17/2015
4
Pharmacognosy2135 for pharmacy students first year - second

5. 5
Morphology
4/17/2015

6. L.CUT
6
Microscopical characters
4/17/2015

7. T.CUT
4/17/2015
7
Microscopical characters

8. 8
4/17/2015
Arillu
s
Oil
Epiderm
Oily
layer
Inner
seed
coat
Perisperm
EndospermSclerenchyma
Embryo
Raphe
Microscopical characters

9. 9
Key elements
Starch
Oily layer
4/17/2015

10. 4/17/2015
10
 The essential volatile oil
in the seeds contain;
a-terpineol 45%, myrcene
27%, limonene 8%,
menthone 6%, ß-
phellandrene 3%, 1,8-
cineol 2%, sabinene 2%
and heptane 2%.
 Abundant starch in
perisperm.
Active Constituents
http://www.spicesmedicinalherbs.com/gr
een-cardamom-spice-uses-
constituents.html

11. 4/17/2015
11
 Volatile oil + Sudan III  red color
 Cardamom powder ‘on cold’ + drops of water +
2 drops of I2 solution  blue color
Chemical Tests
Mechanism of Action
http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/life-science/nutrition-research/learning-
center/plant-profiler/elettaria-cardamomum.html

12. 4/17/2015
12
Medical uses
 A stimulant and carminative, it is used for indigestion
and flatulence
 In India, green cardamom (A. subulatum) is broadly
used to treat infections in teeth and gums.
 It is used to prevent and treat throat troubles,
congestion of the lungs and pulmonary tuberculosis.
 Used in inflammation of eyelids and also digestive
disorders.
 It is also reportedly used as an antidote for both snake
and scorpion venom.
 Indians regarded it as a cure for obesity.
 Cardamom is used as a breath-freshener, but it is said
that excessive use thins the blood.
Uses

13. 4/17/2015
13
Culinary Uses
 The leaves are cooked and eaten as greens
and the roots are said to be sweet succulent
and delicious when boiled like potatoes.
 Flowers are a sweet addition to salads or as a
garnish and young seedpods are steamed.
Uses
http://www.spicesmedicinalherbs.com/gr
een-cardamom-spice-uses-
constituents.html

14. 4/17/2015
14
Culinary Uses
 The pods can be used whole or split when cooked in
Indian substantial meals — such as pulses
 Cardamom is often included in Indian sweet dishes and
drinks like punches and milled wines.
 It is used in pickles, especially pickled herring and
flavors custard.
 It is also chewed habitually (like nuts) where freely
available, as in the East Indies, and in the Indian
masticory, betel pan.
 It is often used in baking in Scandinavia and in Danish
pastries.
Uses

15. 4/17/2015
15
Culinary Uses
 Throughout the Arab world, Cardamom is one of the
most popular spices, with Cardamom coffee being a
symbol of hospitality and prestige.
 In the Moghul cuisine (Northern India) it abundantly
used in the delicious rice dishes called biriyanis.
 In Sri Lanka, the pods are added to fiery beef or chicken
curries.
 A small amount of Cardamom will add a tempting flavor
to coffee cake.
 Flans, rice puddings, porridges, etc. taste much better
with a dash of cardamom.
 Add whole cardamoms to flavour tea drunk with milk.
Uses

16. 4/17/2015
16
 It is often adulterated and there are many
inferior substitutes from cardamom-related
plants, such as Siam cardamom, Nepal
cardamom, winged Java cardamom, and
bastard cardamom. However, it is only
Elettaria cardamomum which is the true
cardamom.
Allid Species
http://theepicentre.com/spice/cardamom
/

17. 4/17/2015
17
 Seed
Rare .. those of various varieties and allied
species taken from the pericarp; entire fruit with
orange seed, green coffee, etc.;
 Powder
Starch, sodium carbonate, ginger (recognized by
its larger starch grains), etc.
Adulteration
http://chestofbooks.com/h
ealth/materia-medica-
drugs/A-Manual-of-
Materia-Medica-and-
Pharmacology/Elettaria-
Cardamomi-Semen-
Cardamom-Seed-U-S-
P.html#.VTEx_SGqqkp

18. 4/17/2015
18
 Powel disorder
 Biliary colic
 Contact dermatitis
 Vomiting, nausea and diarrhea
Side Effects
http://www.botanical-
online.com/english/cardamom_side_effects.htm

19. 4/17/2015
19
 Ulcer
 People with diverticulitis
 Intestinal diseases
 Gallstones and colic “but it is recommended in
flatulence colic.”
 Endometriosis
 Pregnant woman
 Essential oil shouldn’t be given to children
under 6 years
Contraindication
http://www.botanical-
online.com/english/cardamon_contraindications.htm

20. 4/17/2015
20
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

21. 4/17/2015
21
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

22. 4/17/2015
22
 Exploration for the multi-effect of cardamom
in's resistance to multiple myeloma. (2014)
Recent Researches
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/254100
63
 Stability of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum)
essential oil in microcapsules made of whey
protein isolate, guar gum, and carrageenan.
(2014)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/252249
89

23. 4/17/2015
23
 Rhynchophorus ferrugineus midgut cell line to
evaluate insecticidal potency of different plant
essential oils. (2015)
Recent Researches
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/253810
34
 Histological and ultrastructural studies on the
toxic effect of pan masala and its amelioration
byElettaria cardamomum. (2014)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/247028
06

24. 4/17/2015
24
 Determination of elements by atomic
absorption spectrometry in medicinal plants
employed to alleviate common cold symptoms.
(2014)
Recent Researches
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25
532362
 Traditional phytoremedies for the treatment of
menstrual disorders in district Udhampur, J&K,
India. (2014)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2547915
6

25. 4/17/2015
25