The Ten Facts About People With Autism Presentation
David Pearce - Knowledge and Information within Programmes
1.
2. The Importance of Knowledge Sharing across
Programmes: Introduction & Tools
David Pearce
3. Knowledge Sharing – Presentation Structure
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The APM context, and issues to be addressed
The different types of Knowledge
How Sharing takes place, and why it can be difficult to do
The stages of Sharing
Introduction to Knowledge tools, and when to use them
4. APM perspective - KM - what is it?
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Definition:
‘Knowledge management is the systematic management of
information and learning. It turns personal information and
experience into collective knowledge that can be widely shared
throughout an organisation and a profession.’
p22, APM Body of Knowledge 6th Edition.
5. APM perspective - KM - why is it of value?
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‘Knowledge management underpins organisational learning and
maturity.’ p22, ibid
‘Good knowledge management can reduce risks and increase
efficiency through the re-use of proven approaches and
avoidance of known pitfalls.’ p23, ibid
6. APM perspective - KM - for Programmes
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Why Knowledge Management is important for Programmes:
Programmes by definition contain multiple projects
This creates the opportunity to capture lessons from earlier
projects and apply them to later projects
7. APM perspective - KM - filling in the gaps
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The APM BoK does not go into any details on how to undertake
Knowledge Management, or set out how to address any issues.
This presentation sets out to explain areas to focus on, and tools
that can help.
8. Why Sharing is difficult - types of Knowledge
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It is important to understand that there are different types of
knowledge, and that they need to be shared in different ways:
Encoded Knowledge – in books
Embedded Knowledge – in procedures
Embodied Knowledge – know-how, problem solving skills
Embrained Knowledge – personal experience
9. Why Sharing is difficult - types of Knowledge
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From this we can appreciate that:
Some knowledge can be captured in a written format
Some knowledge exists between people
Some knowledge is in the heads of individuals
It is important to understand that this results in the need to
share in different ways to benefit from all the different types of
knowledge.
17. Why Sharing is difficult - where Knowledge sits
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There is additional context that needs to be appreciated:
Programmes are made up of a large number of people and
potentially a large number of firms
It is important that learning in Programmes does not remain
locked within Programmes. It needs to be shared widely
Sharing needs to be addressed as a specific issue, because
otherwise it will not happen
18. APM perspective – KM issues
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‘Organisations need to capture knowledge and experience,
optimise their usefulness and make them available.’ p22, ibid
Before you can capture knowledge, a business needs to
understand where the knowledge comes from. There is also a
stage after making the knowledge available.
This is all captured in the following sharing model.
24. Stage Two: FINDING
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Others who need this information and
knowledge must be able to find it
• .
25. Stage Two: FINDING
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Others who need this information and
knowledge must be able to find it
26. Stage Two: FINDING
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Others who need this information and
knowledge must be able to find it
27. Stage Two: FINDING
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Others who need this information and
knowledge must be able to find it
28. Stage Three: USING
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For a programme to gain value from its
information and knowledge, it must be
used
29. Stage Three: USING
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For a programme to gain value from its
information and knowledge, it must be
used
30. Stage Three: USING
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For a programme to gain value from its
information and knowledge, it must be
used
31. Stage Three: USING
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For a programme to gain value from its
information and knowledge, it must be
used
32. Supporting stages: CULTURE
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A programme must have a sharing
culture to gain the most value from its
information and knowledge
• The wrong culture may also stop
individuals offering to share their
knowledge.
34. Why Sharing is difficult – How we share
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Offering:
No universally accessible home for knowledge
Opportunities to share are limited
No time to capture knowledge due to project pressures
Individuals see knowledge as power and guard it
35. Why Sharing is difficult – How we share
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Finding:
Poor filing structure
Poor search function
No database of individuals skills and knowledge
Poor connexions between offices / teams
36. Why Sharing is difficult – How we share
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Using
Individuals like to invent solutions for themselves
Knowledge from elsewhere is not trusted
Captured knowledge not in a format others can readily use
The wrong type of knowledge has been captured
37. Why Sharing is difficult – How we share
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Culture
Sharing not seen to be allowed
No support for sharing activities
Sharing seen as a one way process, does not benefit the
individual
38. Why Sharing is difficult – How we share
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Other issues
Having the context to learn the lessons
Having the experience to understand the learning
Understanding how it will be used - format
39. APM perspective – KM issues
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‘There are two key challenges: knowledge is difficult to assemble
and it is difficult to encourage its use.’ p23, ibid
Getting people to be willing to share is critical, you then need to
give them the right opportunities to share
40. Knowledge Sharing Tools
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1, Communities of Practice
2, Peer assist
3, Knowledge Exchange / Toolbox talks
4, Knowledge handover
5, After action review
6, Knowledge fairs – coffee mornings – knowledge speed
dating
7, Show & tell
8, Opportunities for impromptu sharing – e.g. water
cooler chats
9, Mentoring
10, Story telling
11, Consultant approach – bring in an expert to comment
and advise
12, Site knowledge visits
13, Apprenticeship
14, Social events
15, Checklist Use
16, Knowledge brokers – the people who know who knows
what
17, Yellow pages – expert directories
18, Wiki’s
19, Blogs
20, Communication plans
21, Lessons learned – Retrospect
22, Knowledge retention interviewing / knowledge
harvesting
23, Learning Histories
24, Business driven action learning
25, Producing expert papers
26, Knowledge mapping – skills mapping
27, Knowledge repositories – extranets
28, Knowledge assets
29, Best practice transfer
30, Checklist Production
41. Knowledge Sharing Tools – When to use them
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BEFORE
2, Peer assist
4, Knowledge handover
11, Consultant approach – bring in an expert to comment
and advise
26, Knowledge mapping – skills mapping
28, Knowledge assets
DURING
3, Knowledge Exchange / Toolbox talks
5, After action review
7, Show & tell
8, Opportunities for impromptu sharing – e.g. water
cooler chats
9, Mentoring
10, Story telling
14, Social events
15, Checklist Use
AFTER
18, Wiki’s
19, Blogs
21, Lessons learned – Retrospect
22, Knowledge retention interviewing / knowledge
harvesting
23, Learning Histories
25, Producing expert papers
27, Knowledge repositories – extranets
29, Best practice transfer
30, Checklist Production
42. Why Sharing is difficult – is it more work?
42
No one likes homework:
Facilitate the learning capture sessions
Remove the ‘work’ element; plus no phones, no computers
Make it fun, or at least comfortable; in a neutral location
Make it part of the programme: paid for, and planned
Just because something doesn’t look like work, doesn’t mean
it can not create value
43. Knowledge Sharing – main points to remember
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There are different types of Knowledge
They each need to be shared in different ways
The stages of Sharing – can help with diagnosing issues
There are many Knowledge tools, find the most helpful
Sharing can be difficult – facilitate capture
Don’t lock Knowledge away in Programmes