Astronauts and Robots 2015: Charles Elachi, JPL
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American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
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Astronauts and Robots 2015: Charles Elachi, JPL
- 1. JPL Welcome & Introduction Charles Elachi, Director May 12, 2015 American Astronautical Society Meeting
- 2. 2001 Mars Odyssey Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Mars Express (ESA) 5/12/15 JPL Welcome and Introduction 2 Now: A continuous robotic presence on and in-orbit around Mars Opportunity Curiosity Opportunity’s tracks • Meridiani Planum “Do not go where the path may lead, go instead where there is no path and leave a trail” - Ralph Waldo Emerson
- 3. The Mars Science Laboratory mission, with its Curiosity rover, is exploring Gale Crater to understand the habitability of Mars, its potential for preserving organic materials, and the major environmental transitions in its early history Sulfate Unit (8 km) Hematite Ridge (5 km) Murray Formation (arrived Sept. 2014) Clay Unit (6 km) Mars Science Laboratory: Mission to Mount Sharp Mount Sharp Gale Crater 3
- 4. 4 Curiosity’s Current Location Logan Pass 5/12/15 JPL Welcome and Introduction
- 5. Curiosity is exploring a hypothesis that south-tilted sandstone beds on Gale Crater’s plains indicate water-driven transport of sediment, building lower Mount Sharp from lake deposits NASA/JPL-Caltech/GSFC Possible lake deposits at the base of Mount Sharp Mount Sharp 5
- 6. Curiosity’s Radiation Assessment Detector measures high-energy radiation The RAD instrument measured the radiation flux from both galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles, in cruise and at Mars’ surface If shielded similarly to the RAD instrument, a crewed mission would receive ~1 Sievert of exposure in a round trip to Mars with 500 sols on the surface [Hassler et al., 2014] Hard Solar Event 6
- 7. Cassini 5/12/15 JPL Welcome and Introduction 7 10 Years at Saturn
- 8. Lakes and Seas Dunes Mountains Clouds Dry River Beds Titan: An Earth-Like World 5/12/15 8
- 9. 5/12/15 JPL Welcome and Introduction 9 Successful Mission to Mercury Messenger – Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory
- 10. 10 March 6, 2015 4:39 AM PST Dawn arrives at Ceres 5/12/15 JPL Welcome and Introduction
- 12. 5/12/15 JPL Welcome and Introduction 12 25th Anniversary Hubble Space Telescope – Goddard Space Flight Center
- 13. 5/12/15 JPL Welcome and Introduction 13 Exoplanet Travel Bureau Earth Size Planets in Habitable Zone: 10 Confirmed Planets: 1,832 Planet Candidates: 3,613
- 14. SMAP Radar Data Characteristics of Land Cover March 31- April 3, 2015 5/12/15 JPL Welcome and Introduction 14
- 15. 5/12/15 JPL Welcome and Introduction 15 Multiple Ways to View a Changing Earth Global • Satellites Regional • Airborne Local • In Situ MISR aerosols MLS ozone layer TES trace gas AIRS atmospheric temperature CLOUDSAT water content JASON sea surface height QUIKSCAT wind GRACE gravity Aquarius sea surface salinity OCO-2 Carbon Dioxide RapidScat wind
- 16. 5/12/15 JPL Welcome and Introduction 16 December 4, 2014 Orion First Test Flight
- 17. 5/12/15 JPL Welcome and Introduction 17 NASA’s Upcoming Major Events (some examples) Dawn mapping Ceres (JPL/Orbital) April 2015 – June 2016 New Horizons arrives at Pluto (APL) July 14, 2015 Jason 3 Launch (JPL/CNES) July 22, 2015 Juno arrives at Jupiter (JPL/LMA) July 4, 2016 Insight Launch (JPL/LMA) March 2016 LDSD Test Launch (JPL) June 2-12, 2015
Notas del editor
- From what I understand, 1 Sievert is the lifetime allowable does by NASA. That number is not shown on the above. But if you add the 180-day transit (x2) and the 500 days on the surface, you get the 1000 millisievert = 1 sievert number for RAD. Another really important point, which is on the original slide I gave you but may not be super clear, is that all this applies to a human shielded only as good as RAD was shielded. Since RAD is measuring radiation, it is unshielded on the surface, and inside a non-human-design spacecraft during cruise. So an astronaut inside the RAD instrument :) would have gotten a lifetime dose of radiation. But of course we’ll build spacecraft much more safe when there are humans onboard! And, they would have shelters on Mars. Ashwin
- 2. Titan, an Earth-like world -- In many respects, Titan is one of the most Earth-like worlds we have found to date. -- Its thick atmosphere and organic-rich chemistry are like a frozen version of Earth, several billion years ago before life began. -- Earth-like processes shape its surface. -- Methane rain flows through river channels and fill its lakes and seas as seen in this radar image. -- Winds sculpt vast regions of hydrocarbon-rich equatorial dunes that circle Titan’s equator. -- Mountains as much as 1 km high tower over its surface, some, like this one, perhaps volcanic in origin with liquid water as the lava. -- Clouds of methane provide rain for the surface -- The Huygens probe was the first to unveil the surface of Titan and achieved humankind’s first landing on a body in the outer solar system. -- It landed in a dry river channel where it was surrounded by rounded cobbles of water ice. -- Who could have imaged how Earth-like Titan would appear? Titan revealed as Earth-like world with rain, rivers, lakes and seas Imaging with radar, and both visible and infrared wavelengths shows that Titan has many geologic processes similar to that of the Earth. These processes generate methane rains, which build river channels and form lakes and seas containing liquid methane and ethane that don’t immediately evaporate. Titan 50% larger than the moon, as large as the planet Mercury In many respects, Saturn's largest moon, Titan, is one of the most Earth-like worlds we have found to date. With its thick atmosphere and organic-rich chemistry, Titan resembles a frozen version of Earth, several billion years ago, before life began pumping oxygen into our atmosphere. Titan is of great interest to scientists because it has a substantial, active atmosphere and complex, Earth-like processes that shape its surface. The moon is enveloped by an orange haze of naturally produced photochemical smog that frustratingly obscured its surface prior to Cassini's arrival. Since 2004, the spacecraft's observations have taken the study of this unique world into a whole new dimension. Cassini has revealed that Titan's surface is shaped by rivers and lakes of liquid ethane and methane (the main component of natural gas), which forms clouds and occasionally rains from the sky as water does on Earth. Winds sculpt vast regions of dark, hydrocarbon-rich dunes that girdle the moon's equator and low latitudes. Volcanism may occur as well, but with liquid water as the lava. On its journey to Saturn, Cassini carried the European-built Huygens probe. On Jan. 14, 2005, Huygens achieved humankind's first landing on a body in the Outer Solar System when it parachuted through Titan's murky skies. Huygens took measurements of atmospheric composition and wind speeds during its descent, along with an incredible series of images showing telltale patterns of erosion by flowing liquid. The probe came to rest on what appeared to be a floodplain, surrounded by rounded cobbles of water ice. Titan revealed as Earth-like world with rain, rivers, lakes and seas Imaging with radar, and both visible and infrared wavelengths shows that Titan has many geologic processes similar to that of the Earth. These processes generate methane rains, which build river channels and form lakes and seas containing liquid methane and ethane that don’t immediately evaporate.
- May 15, 2015 from Bob Mase: The view is the northern hemisphere of Ceres, now fully lit, from a distance of about 13,500 km. These will be some of the best full-frame observations that Dawn will acquire. We will obtain a couple more data sets similar to this one (towards the equator and southern hemisphere) later this week, and then will begin the spiral down to the next science orbit. At the next science orbit, Ceres will be larger that the camera field-of-view.
- Orbiting the Earth for over two decades, Hubble has had major breakthroughs in Cosmology, Planetary Science, and Galactic Science – anwering some of the most compelling astronomical questions of our time Images on slide: Cosmology – Ultra Deep Field Planetary Science – embryonic planetary systems in the Orion Nebula Galactic science – filaments of gas and dust surround a neutron star, all that’s left after a supernova explosion. Decades before this observation was taken, this neutron star gave off a tremendous gamma ray burst measured by numerous satellites.
- L1B data acquired during timing tests from March 31 to April 3 composited to produce the global radar HH image of land, ocean, and ice