This document describes the design of a prepaid energy meter using a smart card. It uses two microcontrollers - one to control the energy meter section and measure consumption, and another to control the recharge section where the smart card can be recharged. When power is switched on, the microcontroller checks the balance on the smart card and allows power to the load until the balance reaches zero, at which point it cuts off the load. The smart card can then be recharged through the separate recharge section in order to restore power. Key components include the microcontrollers, smart card, LCD display, relays and other supporting electronics to implement this prepaid energy metering system.

1. PREPAID ENERGY METER
USING SMART CARD
Guided by
Nisha G Poothullil
Assistant Professor
Department of EEE
Govt Engg College
Thrissur
Group Members
Ananth C Jayan
Aswin Murali
Athulvinoy P P
Basil Mohamed P

2. INTRODUCTION
 To design and develop a microcontroller based prepaid
energy meter with serial data transmission so that a
consumer can plan accordingly to reduce the
consumption as per his budget.
 The Meter section is designed using Microcontroller
(PIC 16F877A).
 The recharge section is using a microcontroller(PIC
16F873A)
 The purpose of this project is to overcome the
drawbacks of normal electricity bill payment system
and to implement a new prepaid energy meter system
which has high reliability and security using SMART

3. BLOCK DIAGRAM

4. POWER SUPPLY

5. ENERGY METER SECTION

6. RECHARGE SECTION

7. COMPONENTS
USED

8. HARDWARES:
 Micro Controller
 Power Supply
 Energy Meter
 Opto-coupler
 Relay
 LCD
 Smartcard(EEPROM)

9. MICROCONTROLLER PIC16f877A
Low cost
Wide availability
Low power
consumption
Pin description

10. MICROCONTROLLER PIC16F873A

11. ENERGY METER  An energy meter is a device
that measures the amount
of electrical energy consumed
by a residence, business, or
an electrically powered device.
 Electric meters are typically
calibrated in billing units, the
most common one being
the kilowatt hour.
 They are broadly classified in
to electromechanical meters
and electronic meters.

12. LCD DISPLAY LM016L
 The LM016L LCD displays
alphanumeric, characters, and
symbols
 Can be configured to drive a
dot-matrix liquid crystal display
under the control of a 4- or 8-
bit microprocessor.
 Wide range of instruction
functions
 Low power operation
(supports: 2.7 to 5.5V)

13. VOLTAGE REGULATOR LM7805
 LM7805 is a voltage
regulator integrated circuit.
 It is a member of 78xx series
of fixed linear voltage regulator
ICs
 LM7805 provides +5V
regulated power supply
 Internal thermal overload
protection
 No external components
required which makes them
easy to use and economical

14. VOLTAGE REGULATOR LM7812
 LM7812 is a voltage
regulator integrated circuit.
 It is a member of 78xx series
of fixed linear voltage regulator
ICs
 LM7812 provides +12V
regulated power supply
 Internal thermal overload
protection
 No external components
required which makes them
easy to use and economical

15. CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
 Crystal oscillator is an electronic
oscillator that uses the
mechanical resonance of a
vibrating piezoelectric crystal to
create an electrical signal with
very precise frequency
 This frequency is used to provide
a stable clock signal(CLK
frequency 20MHz )
 Quartz crystal is used as the
piezoelectric resonator because
of their greater mechanical
strength

16. OPTOCOUPLER (MCT2E)
 Gallium Arsenide Diode
Infrared Source Optically
Coupled to a Silicon npn
Phototransistor
 High-Voltage Electrical
Isolation 1.5-kV, or 3.55-kV
Rating
 High Direct-Current Transfer
Ratio

17. EEPROM 24C04
 Low voltage and standard
voltage
operations.
 Operating ambient
temperature:- -40 to +85
degree celcius
 Internally organised 512 X 8
(4K) memory
 Two wire serial interface

18. RELAY 20A/230V
 electromagnetic switch
operated by a relatively
small electric current that
can turn on or off a much
larger electric current.
 Relays control one electrical
circuit by opening and
closing contacts in another
circuit.
 The main part of an
electromagnetic relay is a
coil of wire that becomes a
temporary magnet when
current flows through it.

19. Circuit Diagram- Main section

21. FLOW CHART
Flow chart – Main section

22. Flow chart – Recharge section

23. WORKING-MAIN SECTION
 When the switch is made on, the supply reaches the microcontroller
 It then checks for the balance in the smart card, if the there is balance in it
the load gets connected to the supply.
 The load gets energy until the amount stored in the smartcard decreases to
zero
 Then the microcontroller gives the signal to relay for disconnecting the load
from supply.
 LCD shows the customer to recharge.
 The smartcard can be used again after recharging

24. WORKING- RECHARGE SECTION
 the smartcard is connected with the recharge section to recharge
 The incrementing switch and decrementing switch is used to set the
amount
 After setting the amount it is loaded to the smartcard by pressing
recharge switch
 The smartcard can be connected to the meter section for further use.

25. CONCLUSION
 In this project work we have studied and implemented a complete
working model of a prepaid energy meter using a PIC
microcontroller.
 The traditional billing system has a lot of drawbacks such as energy
theft, slowness, requirement of manpower which can be avoided by
this
 The reason for using these microcontrollers is its high performance,
power efficiency or design flexibility etc.
 The recharge section is very much user friendly since he can
recharge for the required amount as per his budget.
 This LCD gives the consumed power, balance amount which are
essential for awareness about energy consumption.

26. REFERENCE
1. E Balaguruswamy: Programming in ANSI C, Mc Graw Hill, fifth edition: 2011
2. J. B. Gupta: Electronic devices and circuits,PHI publications, second edition
:2013
3. A. Anand Kumar : Fundamentals of digital circuits, Pearson Education:2012
4. Donald A Neamen : Electronic circuits Analysis and Design, TATA McC Graw
HILL,third
edition: 2007
5.Muhammed Ali Mazidi : The 8051 microcontroller and embedded
systems,Pearson Education, second edition:2011

27. Websites
1. www.engineersgarage.com
2. www.forum.allaboutcircuits.com
3. www.learningaboutelectronics.com
4. www.maximintegrated.com
5. www.ti.com
6. www.ijcaonline.org
7. www.microchip.com
8. www.electrosome.com
9. www.instructables.com

28. Thank you