1. Russian Revolution

2. Opening Focus Assignments
 1/9 “Faults of WWI Peace Treaty”
 1/10 “WWI and changing values”
 1/11 “Views of the War”
 1/14 “Lost Generation”
 1/15 “Dawes Plan”
 1/18 “Path to Revolution”

3. Russian Government Before
Revolution
 Monarchy: The Czar (Tsar)
 Until 1905 the Tsar's powers were
unlimited.
 Russia had no constitution,
 no political party system to check the
Tsar's power
 A strong secret police which terrorized
the people.

4. Royal Background
Nicholas II
• Created the first secret police in Russia, brutal
leader, response to revolt of army officers in 1825

5. Czar Alexander II
• He implemented important reforms, notably the abolition of
serfdom,
• In 1867, he sold Alaska and the Aleutian Islands to the
United States.
• Killed by the Revolutionary Group: The People’s Will

6. Czar Alexander III
• Alexander III's reign was during an industrial
revolution in Russia .
• His reign was harsh, against revolutionaries and
other liberal movements.

7. Czar Nicholas II (1894)
Last Czar of Russia
 Nicholas II was a harsh and weak ruler
 The Russian economy was bankrupt because
of the Russo-Japanese War and WWI Russia’s
entry into WWI became very unpopular.

8. Czar Nicholas II and Family

9. Russo-Japanese War (1904)
Dispute over Manchuria with
Japan
Shook national confidence in their
progress and rule of Czar.

10. Bloody Sunday (1905)

11. Russia and World War I
 Russia declares war on Austria-
Hungary
 War becomes unpopular
 Rationing leads to starvation
 Nicholas II leaves St. Petersburg to war
front

13. Rasputin

14. Rasputin with Admirers

16. March Revolution (1917)
 1917- protests spread through St.
Petersburg and the Royal palace is
taken over.
 Czar abdicates
 Provisional government (Duma) takes
control lead by Alexander Keresnky
 Provisional government unpopular
after decision to stay in WWI

17. October (Bolshevik) Revolution-
1917
 Lead by VI Lenin “Peace, Land, and
Bread”
 Won support of people (especially
peasants)

19. 1918
 1918 March The Bolsheviks accept the
peace of Brest‑Litovsk, ending WWI with
Germany.

20. 1919-1920
1919 White Armies (Royal and Menshevik
troops) attack the Reds (Bolsheviks) from
all directions.
 1920- Reds defeat Whites

21. Rule of Lenin 1920-1924
 Economic Reforms included the New
Economic Plan (NEP)
-moderate mix of capitalism and
socialism
 Political Reforms
-Bolshevik party became Communist
Party
-Russia becomes the United Soviet
Socialist Republics

23. Communism
 A Form of Socialism
 Central Planning of the Economy by the State
 Gov’t (Communist Party) makes decisions
on individual jobs and pay

24. 1924
 Lenin Dies
 Power Vaccuum
 Leon Trotsky vs. Joseph Stalin
 Stalin takes control
 Now must decide how he will maintain
power
 Decides to create a totalitarian state

26. Characteristics of a Totalitarian
State
 Dictatorship- Absolute Authority
 Dynamic Leader- Vision for the nation
 State Control Over All Sectors of Society
 Business, Family Life, Labor, youth groups, housing,
religion, education, the arts
 State Control Over the Individual
 Obedience
 Denies basic liberties
 Organized Violence
 Uses force to crush opposition

27. Stalin’s Totalitarian State
 State Control of the Economy
 5 year plan, collective farms
 Police Terror
 Great Purge, crush opposition
 Religious Persecution
 Control of the individual
 Propaganda (socialist realism)
 Molding peoples minds
 Education
 Controlled by the government