Work-in-progress paper presented at the Social Media & Society Conference, London, July 11-13, 2016.

1. Faculté
des
arts
et
des
sciences
École
de
bibliothéconomie
et
des
sciences
de
l'information
Examining individual and collective factors
affecting the adoption of social media by
inter-institutional research teams
Audrey Laplante, Stefanie Haustein, Christine Dufour
#SMSociety16, 12 July 2016
Work-in-Progress Paper

2. Audrey: @AudreyLaplante1
Stefanie: @stefhaustein
Christine: @cdufour

3. Background
Presentation of the project
Theoretical framework
Sampling
The next steps…
Presentation Outline
#SMSociety16 Laplante, Haustein, & Dufour 3

4. #SMSociety16 Laplante, Haustein, & Dufour 4
Scholars’ use of social media
Specialized and general social media platforms
Motivations:
Maintaining or creating ties with scholars
Promoting and disseminating work
Staying informed
Communicating with scholars
Sharing information
(CIBER 2010; Gruzd & Goertzen 2013; Gruzd, Staves, & Wilk
2012; Nicholas et al. 2014; Pearce 2010)
Background

5. #SMSociety16 Laplante, Haustein, & Dufour 5
Known barriers:
Lack of time
Lack of recognition for promotion or funding
Information overload
Known facilitators:
Social influence
Inter-institutional collaborations
(Acord & Harley 2013; CIBER 2010; Gruzd, Staves, & Wilk
2012; Nicholas et al. 2011; Ponte & Simon 2011)
Background

6. Background
Presentation of the project
Theoretical framework
Sampling
The next steps…
Presentation Outline
#SMSociety16 Laplante, Haustein, & Dufour 6

7. #SMSociety16 Laplante, Haustein, & Dufour 7
Objectives:
1. provide an in-depth analysis of use practices
of social media at each stage of an inter-
institutional collaborative research project;
2. explore the factors of adoption of social
media by teams of researchers in inter-
institutional collaborative research projects.
Presentation of the project

8. #SMSociety16 Laplante, Haustein, & Dufour 8
Definition of social media:
Media that “afford two-way interaction with
an audience, beyond any specific
recipient.” (Hogan & Quan-Haase 2010)
Presentation of the project

9. #SMSociety16 Laplante, Haustein, & Dufour 9
Presentation of the project
Christine DufourAudrey Laplante
Vincent LarivièreStefanie Haustein

10. #SMSociety16 Laplante, Haustein, & Dufour 10
Mixed-methods sequential exploratory design
(Creswell & Plano Clark 2011)
Phase 1:
In-depth interviews with members of 4-8 inter-
institutional research teams from various
disciplines
Quantitative bibliometric and altmetric data
Phase 2:
Canada-wide large-scale survey of researchers
Methods

11. Background
Presentation of the project
Theoretical framework
Sampling
The next steps…
Presentation Outline
#SMSociety16 Laplante, Haustein, & Dufour 11

12. #SMSociety16 Laplante, Haustein, & Dufour 12
Frameworks for understanding work team
effectiveness (McGrath 1964; Hackman 1987)
Individual-level factors
Group-level factors
Environment-level factors
Theoretical framework

13. #SMSociety16 Laplante, Haustein, & Dufour 13
Individual-level factors:
Diffusion of Innovation Theory (Rogers 1983)
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Davis 1989)
Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology
(UTAUT) (Venkatesh et al. 2003)
UTAUT:
Performance expectancy
Effort expectancy
Facilitating conditions
Social influence/pressure
Theoretical framework
Anxiety and Self-efficacy
Attitude toward using technology
(Gruzd, Staves, & Wilk 2012)

14. #SMSociety16 Laplante, Haustein, & Dufour 14
Team- and environment-level factors:
Constantine’s organizational reference paradigms
(Constantine 1993)
Adaptive Structuration Theory (AST) (DeSanctis & Poole
1994)
Theory of Information Sharing (Constant, Keisler and
Sproull 1994, enriched by Jarvenpaa and Staples 2000)
Theoretical framework

15. #SMSociety16 Laplante, Haustein, & Dufour 15
Constantine’s organizational reference
paradigms (Constantine 1993)
Four organizational reference paradigms:
Closed (traditional hierarchy)
Random (innovative individualism)
Open (adaptive collaboration)
Synchronous (harmonious alignment)
Theoretical framework

16. “The other thing I love about social media is they way
in which they are a leveller. There is no longer a
hierarchy, whereas in the past somebody wouldn't
have nerves, as a student for example, to maybe
email me. PhD students, researchers will connect
online on Facebook or Twitter, and then they'll send a
little chat […]” (p. 29)
Laplante, Haustein, & Dufour 16#SMSociety16
Veletsianos, George. (2016). Social media in academia :
networked scholars. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis
Group.

17. #SMSociety16 Laplante, Haustein, & Dufour 17
Adaptive Structuration Theory (AST) (DeSanctis
& Poole 1994)
Factors influencing appropriation:
Styles of interacting
Knowledge and experience with structures
Perceptions of others’ knowledge
Consensus on appropriation
Theoretical framework

18. #SMSociety16 Laplante, Haustein, & Dufour 18
Theory of Information Sharing (Constant, Keisler &
Sproull 1994, enriched by Jarvenpaa & Staples 2000)
Individual factors, organizational factors, and task:
Information culture
Organization information ownership
Propensity to share
Task interdependence
Computer comfort
Computer-based information characteristics
Theoretical framework

19. #SMSociety16 Laplante, Haustein, & Dufour 19
Individual-level factors
Performance expectancy
Effort expectancy
Anxiety and Self-efficacy
Attitude toward using technology
Information culture
Group-level factors
Group’s ‘personality’
Closed
Random
Open
Synchronous
Group’s internal system
Styles of interacting
Knowledge and experience
with structures
Perceptions of others’
knowledge
Consensus on appropriation
Task interdependence
Information culture
Information ownership
Environment-level factors
Facilitating conditions
Social influence/pressure
Information culture
Information ownership

20. Gallivan & Srite 2005

21. Background
Presentation of the project
Theoretical framework
Sampling
The next steps…
Presentation Outline
#SMSociety16 Laplante, Haustein, & Dufour 21

22. #SMSociety16 Laplante, Haustein, & Dufour 22
Selection criteria:
Competition year 2013-2014
≥ 1 co-applicant
Research grants
SSHRC: Insight - Individual, Team and
Partnerships Research Grants
NSERC: Discovery Grants
CIHR: Team and Operating Grants
Sampling

23. #SMSociety16 Laplante, Haustein, & Dufour 23
Sampling

24. Background
Presentation of the project
Theoretical framework
Sampling
The next steps…
Presentation Outline
#SMSociety16 Laplante, Haustein, & Dufour 24

25. #SMSociety16 Laplante, Haustein, & Dufour 25
Get ethics approval
Prepare and test interview guide
Find participants
Conduct interviews
Collect altmetrics data
Canada-wide survey of funded researchers
The next steps…

26. Faculté
des
arts
et
des
sciences
École
de
bibliothéconomie
et
des
sciences
de
l'information
This is a work in progress… all
comments are welcome!

27. Acord, S. K., & Harley, D. (2013). Credit, time, and personality: The human challenges
to sharing scholarly work using Web 2.0. New media & society, 15(3), 379-397.
doi: 10.1177/1461444812465140
CIBER. (2010). Social media and research workflow. London: London’s Global
University. Retrieved from
http://ciber-research.eu/download/20101111-social-media-report.pdf
Constant, D., Kiesler, S., & Sproull, L. (1994). What’s mine is ours, or is it? A study of
attitudes about information sharing. Information Systems Research, 5(4),
400-421. doi: 10.1287/isre.5.4.400
Constantine, L. L. (1993). Work organization: Paradigms for project management
and organization. Communications of the ACM, 36(10), 35-43.
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed
methods research (2nd ed.). Los Angeles: SAGE Publications.
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user
acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-340. doi:
10.2307/249008
Bibliography

28. #SMSociety16 Laplante, Haustein, & Dufour 28
DeSanctis, G., & Poole, M. S. (1994). Capturing the complexity in advanced
technology use: Adaptive structuration theory. Organization Science, 5(2),
121-147. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2635011
Gallivan, M., & Srite, M. (2005). Information technology and culture: Identifying
fragmentary and holistic perspectives of culture. Information and Organization,
15(4), 295-338. doi: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2005.02.005
Gruzd, A., & Goertzen, M. (2013). Wired academia: Why social science scholars are
using social media. In Proceedings of the 46th Hawaii International Conference
on System Sciences (HICSS) (pp. 3332-3341). doi: 10.1109/HICSS.2013.614
Gruzd, A., Staves, K., & Wilk, A. (2011). Tenure and promotion in the age of online
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