Logs: O que comem, onde vivem e como se reproduzem.

Logs
@augustohp
O que comem, onde vivem e como se reproduzem.

–RFC 3164: The BSD syslog protocol
“Since the beginning, life has relied upon the
transmission of messages.”

Agenda
• O que não são
• O que comem
• Onde vivem
• Como se reproduzem

–Hagrid
“… são seres muito incompreendidos.”

• Enfeite
• “Ferramentas” para liberar espaço em disco
• Para apreciação pública

O que comem
Uma dieta conﬁguravel com ênfase em
compatibilidade

220.181.108.101 - - [20/Jun/2012:19:31:01 +0200] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 912 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible;!
Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)"!
178.154.210.252 - - [20/Jun/2012:19:54:10 +0200] "GET /?C=S;O=A HTTP/1.1" 200 663 "-" "Mozilla/5.0!
(compatible; YandexBot/3.0; +http://yandex.com/bots)"!
74.125.126.102 - - [20/Jun/2012:20:15:28 +0200] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 606 "http://www.google.com/url?!
sa=t&rct=j&q=error&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CFAQFjAG&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isrolab.com!
%2F&ei=GxPiT5PsL4e04AHPtgE&usg=AFQjCNHnmjmdkUV584ORIpOXz7zAPX0UHQ" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows!
NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.648; .NET CLR 3.5.21022; InfoPath.2; .NET!
CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)"!
74.125.126.103 - - [20/Jun/2012:20:15:29 +0200] "GET /icons/blank.gif HTTP/1.1" 200 383 "http://!
www.isrolab.com/" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR!
2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.648; .NET CLR 3.5.21022; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR!
3.5.30729)"!
74.125.126.93 - - [20/Jun/2012:20:15:29 +0200] "GET /icons/folder.gif HTTP/1.1" 200 460 "http://!
3.5.30729)"!
74.125.126.82 - - [20/Jun/2012:20:15:30 +0200] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 449 "-" "Mozilla/4.0!
(compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.648; .NET CLR!
3.5.21022; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)"!
184.82.92.239 - - [20/Jun/2012:21:03:44 +0200] "GET /logs/access.log HTTP/1.1" 200 2519 "http://isrolab.com/"!
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT!
5.1; SV1) ; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)"!
173.236.21.106 - - [20/Jun/2012:21:16:22 +0200] "GET /robots.txt HTTP/1.0" 404 488 "-" "Mozilla/5.0!
(compatible; MJ12bot/v1.4.3; http://www.majestic12.co.uk/bot.php?+)"!
MJ12bot/v1.4.3; http://www.majestic12.co.uk/bot.php?+)"!
213.186.122.2 - - [20/Jun/2012:21:27:53 +0200] "GET /logs/?C=D;O=D HTTP/1.1" 200 658 "-" "Mozilla/5.0!
(compatible; AhrefsBot/3.0; +http://ahrefs.com/robot/)"!
66.249.72.65 - - [20/Jun/2012:21:28:00 +0200] "GET /robots.txt HTTP/1.1" 404 508 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible;!
Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)"!
66.249.72.65 - - [20/Jun/2012:21:28:00 +0200] "GET /logs/ HTTP/1.1" 200 723 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible;!
YandexBot/3.0; +http://yandex.com/bots)"!
139.18.2.209 - - [20/Jun/2012:22:31:43 +0200] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 912 "-" "findlinks/2.6 (+http://!
wortschatz.uni-leipzig.de/findlinks/)"!

CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)"!
3.5.30729)"!
3.5.30729)"!
5.1; SV1) ; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)"!
1 registro por linha …

CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)"!
3.5.30729)"!
3.5.30729)"!
5.1; SV1) ; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)"!
1 registro por linha …
… ou “quebra de linha”.

CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)"!
3.5.30729)"!
3.5.30729)"!
5.1; SV1) ; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)"!
Separadas por espaço…

CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)"!
3.5.30729)"!
3.5.30729)"!
5.1; SV1) ; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)"!
… ou entre “ ” (aspas) …

CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)"!
3.5.30729)"!
3.5.30729)"!
5.1; SV1) ; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)"!
… ou entre “ ” (aspas) …
… ou [ ] (colchetes).

CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)"!
3.5.30729)"!
3.5.30729)"!
5.1; SV1) ; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)"!
Informações ausentes
como um - (hífem).

wc
word, line, character and byte count

#!/bin/bash

[~/Apache] $ wc -l access.log
65063 access.log

head
display ﬁrst lines of a ﬁle

#!/bin/bash

[~/Apache]$ head -n 1 access.log
1.202.218.8 - - [20/Jun/2012:19:05:12 +0200] "GET /
robots.txt HTTP/1.0" 404 492 "-" ""Mozilla/5.0"

tail
display the last lines of a ﬁle

#!/bin/bash

[~/Apache] $ tail -n 1 access.log
192.210.213.91 - - [08/Jun/2014:19:42:34 -0700] "GET /logs/
access.log HTTP/1.1" 200 4663 "http://redlug.com/"
"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_4)
AppleWebKit/536.30.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/6.0.5
Safari/536.30.1" "redlug.com"

#!/bin/bash

[~/Apache] $ tail -n 1 -f access.log
192.210.213.91 - - [08/Jun/2014:19:42:34 -0700] "GET /logs/
access.log HTTP/1.1" 200 4663 "http://redlug.com/"
"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_4)
AppleWebKit/536.30.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/6.0.5
Safari/536.30.1" "redlug.com"

grep
print lines matching a pattern

#!/bin/bash

[~/Apache] $ grep "HTTP/1.1" access.log | wc -l
52129
!

#!/bin/bash

52129
!
13007
!

#!/bin/bash

52129
!
13007
!
[~/Apache] $ grep -v "HTTP/1.1" access.log |
grep -v “HTTP/1.0"
114.66.65.89 - - [24/Dec/2012:07:46:27 +0100] "GET /logs/
access.log vxc2xa4Nxd41.0" 200 1963700 "http://
www.isrolab.com/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:
2.0b7pre)
Gecko/20100921 Firefox/4.0b7pre"
!

awk
pattern-directed scanning and processing language

#!/bin/bash

1.202.218.8 - - [20/Jun/2012:19:05:12 +0200] "GET /
robots.txt HTTP/1.0" 404 492 "-" “"Mozilla/5.0"
!

#!/bin/bash

1.202.218.8 - - [20/Jun/2012:19:05:12 +0200] "GET /
!
[~/Apache]$ head -n 1 access.log | awk '{print $1}'
1.202.218.8

#!/bin/bash

1.202.218.8 - - [20/Jun/2012:19:05:12 +0200] "GET /
!
[~/Apache]$ head -n 1 access.log | awk '{print $1}'
1.202.218.8
!
[~/Apache] $ awk '/access.log/' access.log | awk '{print
$1}'
31.184.238.164
31.184.238.164
77.27.18.67
31.184.238.164
31.184.238.164
31.184.238.164
31.184.238.164
31.184.238.164

#!/bin/bash

[~/Apache] $ awk '/access.log/' access.log | awk '{print
$1,$6,$7,$8}'
31.184.238.164 "GET /logs/access.log HTTP/1.0"

#!/bin/bash

[~/Apache] $ awk '/access.log/' access.log |
awk '{print $1}' |
sort |
uniq -c |
sort -r

#!/bin/bash

[~/Apache] $ awk '/access.log/' access.log |
awk '{print $1}' |
sort |
uniq -c |
sort -r
!
41 31.184.238.164
2 192.210.213.91
1 77.27.18.67
1 192.227.243.66
1 189.120.185.4

/var/log
Seu administrador de sistemas agradece.

Seres famosos (Debian)
• /var/log/apache2/access.log
• /var/log/apache2/error.log
• /var/log/messages
• /var/log/mysql.err

PHP
E seus métodos anticoncepcionais

display_errors
Os erros devem ser exibidos para o usuário?

ini_set(‘display_errors’, ‘On’)
Exibe os erros ao usuário.
O PHP respeita o cabeçalho HTTP “Content-Type”.

ini_set(‘display_errors’, 1)
Também é interpretado como “On”.

ini_set(‘display_errors’, true)

$isDev = true;
ini_set(‘display_errors’, $isDev)

$isDev =“1 caralhinho”;
Isso também é “On”.

$isDev =“2 caralhinhos”;
Isso é “Off”.

log_errors
Os erros devem ser mantidos?

log_errors
Os erros devem ser mantidos?
Siiiiiiiiiiiim!

ini_set(‘log_errors’, ‘1 caralhinho’)
Garante que os logs sejam salvos.

error_log
Onde manter o arquivo de log?

ini_set(‘error_log’, ‘/tmp/app.log’)
Salva os logs em “/tmp/app.log” (não é uma boa idéia)

ini_set(‘error_log’, ‘syslog’)
Envia erros para o syslog (Unix), ou “Event
log” (Windows).

ini_set(‘error_log’, ‘’)
Padrão: Error log do SAPI (Apache/NGINX) ou STDERR
em CLI.

error_reporting
Quais severidades devem ser mantidas (php.ini)

Severidades
E pra quê servem.

Severidade Exibida (default) Pára execução
E_ERROR Sim Sim
E_WARNING Sim Não
E_NOTICE Não Não
E_STRICT Não Não
E_DEPRECATED Não Não
PHP >=5.3

1 <?php
2 ini_set('display_errors', 1);
3 error_reporting(E_ALL);
4
5 if ($_POST['user']) {
6 // ...
7 }

1 <?php
4
6 // ...
7 } 
8 /**

9 * Output:
10 *
11 * PHP Notice: Undefined index: user in notices.php on line 5
12 */

1 <?php
3 error_reporting(E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE);
4
6 // ...
7 } 
8 /**

9 * Output:
10 *
11 *
12 */

1 <?php
3 error_reporting(E_ALL ^E_NOTICE);
4
6 // ...
7 } 
8 /**

9 * Output:
10 *
11 *
12 */

1 <?php
4
5 echo date('l').PHP_EOL;
6
7 date_default_timezone_set('America/Sao_Paulo');
8

1 <?php
4
6
8
10
11 /**
12 * Output:
13 *
14 * PHP Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's
15 * timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone
16 * setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function.
17 * In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting
18 * this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier.
19 * We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone
20 * to select your timezone. in date.php on line 5
21 *
22 * Saturday
23 * Saturday
24 */

1 <?php
4
5 include 'nao-existe.php';

1 <?php
4
5 include 'nao-existe.php';
6
7 /**
8 * Output:
9 * 
10 * PHP Warning: include(nao-existe.php): failed to open stream:

11 * No such file or directory in warning.php on line 5
12 */

Desenvolvedor
Gerando informações para logs.

1 <?php
2
4 ini_set('error_log', __DIR__.'/example.log');
5 error_reporting(-1);
7
8 error_log('Some log message.');
9 error_log('This goes to /tmp.', 3, '/tmp/app.log');

#!/bin/bash
[~/PHP] $ php error_log.php

#!/bin/bash
!
[~/PHP] $ ls
error_log.php example.log

#!/bin/bash
!
[~/PHP] $ ls
error_log.php example.log
!
[~/PHP] $ tail example.log
[10-Jun-2014 00:23:09 America/Sao_Paulo]
Some log message

trigger_error()
Gera um erro no espaço de usuário

1 <?php
2
7
8 trigger_error('Start using this!', E_USER_NOTICE);

#!/bin/bash
[~/apascutti] $ php trigger_error.php
Notice: Start using this! in /Users/apascutti/Desktop/
erros/source/trigger_error.php on line 8
Call Stack:
0.0001 228560 1. {main}() /Users/apascutti/
trigger_error.php:0
0.0002 229328 2. trigger_error() /Users/
apascutti/trigger_error.php:8

Exception
Erros orientados a objetos, ou a “capivara” da merda.

1 <?php
2
7
8 throw new Exception('Shit happens...');

#!/bin/bash
[~/Desktop/erros/source] $ php exception.php
!
Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'Exception' with message 'Shit happens...' in /
Users/apascutti/Desktop/erros/source/exception.php on line 8
!
Exception: Shit happens... in /Users/apascutti/Desktop/erros/source/
exception.php on line 8
!
Call Stack:
0.0002 228584 1. {main}() /Users/apascutti/Desktop/erros/source/
exception.php:0

#!/bin/bash
[~/Desktop/erros/source] $ php exception.php
!
Users/apascutti/Desktop/erros/source/exception.php on line 8
!
Exception: Shit happens... in /Users/apascutti/Desktop/erros/source/
exception.php on line 8
!
Call Stack:
0.0002 228584 1. {main}() /Users/apascutti/Desktop/erros/source/
exception.php:0
!
[~/Desktop/erros/source] $ tail example.log
[10-Jun-2014 00:35:19 America/Sao_Paulo] PHP Fatal error: Uncaught exception
'Exception' with message 'Shit happens...' in /Users/apascutti/exception.php:8
Stack trace:
#0 {main}
thrown in /Users/apascutti/exception.php on line 8

1 <?php
2
7
8 try {
9 throw new Exception('Shit happens...');
10 } catch (Exception $e) {
11 throw new Exception('and hit the fan.', 14, $e);
12 }

#!/bin/bash
[~/apascutti] $ php exception.php
!
Users/apascutti/exception.php on line 11
!
Exception: Shit happens... in /Users/apascutti/exception.php on line 9
!
Call Stack:
0.0002 229536 1. {main}() /Users/apascutti/exception.php:0
!
Exception: and hit the fan. in /Users/apascutti/exception.php on line 11
!
Call Stack:
0.0002 229536 1. {main}() /Users/apascutti/exception.php:0

PSR-3
Interface Orientada a Objetos para implementação de
Loggers.

1 <?php
2
3 namespace PsrLog;
4
5 abstract class AbstractLogger implements LoggerInterface
6 {
7 public function emergency($message, array $context=array())
11
12 public function alert($message, array $context = array())
16
17 public function critical($message, array $context = array())
21
22 public function error($message, array $context = array())
26
27 public function warning($message, array $context = array())
31
32 public function notice($message, array $context = array())
36
37 public function info($message, array $context = array())
41
42 public function debug($message, array $context = array())
43 {
44 $this->log(LogLevel::DEBUG, $message, $context);
45 }
46 }

1 <?php
2
3 namespace MyAppIntegrationCommand;
4
5 use MyAppConsole;
6 use PsrLogLoggerInterface;
7
8 class DoShit implements ConsoleCommandInterface
9 {
10 const NAME = 'hankey';
11 private $logger;
12
13 public function __construct(LoggerInterface $logger)
14 {
15 $this->logger = $logger;
16 }
17
18 public function configure(ConsoleCommandDefinition $builder)
24
25 public function execute(ConsoleInput $in, ConsoleOutput $out)
26 {
27 $logContext = array('command'=>self::NAME);
28
29 $this->logger->debug('Start', $logContext);
30 $this->logger->warning('This is a joke', $logContext);
31 $this->logger->debug('End', $logContext);
32 }
33 }

Uma boa mensagem
Ou como tornar as mensagens de log da sua aplicação
mais úteis.

• Em inglês.
• “grep”ável.
• Objetiva, sem pleonamos nem contexto.
• Descreve uma expectativa.

Administrador
Como isso tudo parece no ﬁm das contas.

2014/01/10 23:28:24 [/shop/test/TestSuite.php] Warning(E_WARNING): include(PHPUnit/Framework/TestCase.php) [<a
href='function.include'>function.include</a>]: failed to open stream: No such ﬁle or directory on [/home/nihon-store/www/nihon-store/shop/
data/class/SC_ClassAutoloader.php(120)] from 66.249.74.101
2014/01/10 23:28:24 [/shop/test/TestSuite.php] Warning(E_WARNING): include() [<a href='function.include'>function.include</a>]: Failed
opening 'PHPUnit/Framework/TestCase.php' for inclusion (include_path='/home/nihon-store/www/nihon-store/shop/data/module:.:/usr/local/
php/5.2.17/lib/php:/opt/local/lib/php') on [/home/nihon-store/www/nihon-store/shop/data/class/SC_ClassAutoloader.php(120)] from
66.249.74.101
2014/01/10 23:28:24 [/shop/test/TestSuite.php] Fatal error(E_ERROR): Class 'PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase' not found on [/home/nihon-store/
www/nihon-store/shop/test/class/page/LC_Page_Test.php(35)] from 66.249.74.101 customer_id =
2014/01/10 23:41:41 [/shop/test/createEcCubeData-v25.php] Warning(E_WARNING): getopt() [<a href='function.getopt'>function.getopt</a>]:
No support for long options in this build on [/home/nihon-store/www/nihon-store/shop/test/createEcCubeData-v25.php(119)] from
66.249.74.101
66.249.74.101
66.249.74.101
66.249.74.101
66.249.74.101
66.249.74.101

66.249.74.101
66.249.74.101
66.249.74.101
66.249.74.101
66.249.74.101
66.249.74.101
66.249.74.101
Data

66.249.74.101
66.249.74.101
66.249.74.101
66.249.74.101
66.249.74.101
66.249.74.101
66.249.74.101
Arquivo

66.249.74.101
66.249.74.101
66.249.74.101
66.249.74.101
66.249.74.101
66.249.74.101
66.249.74.101
Severidade

66.249.74.101
66.249.74.101
66.249.74.101
66.249.74.101
66.249.74.101
66.249.74.101
66.249.74.101
Mensagem

Dúvidas?
Ou sugestões, reclamações? Críticas? Elogios?
Cerveja?!

Logs: O que comem, onde vivem e como se reproduzem.

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