1. Milk and Dairy Foods ANS 232 John A. Partridge 2100B South Anthony Hall [email_address]

3. Table 1. Per Capita Consumption of Milk and Milk Products in Various Countries. Country Beverage Flavored Fermented Cheeses Cream Butter Finland 186.3 37.1 11.8 1.9 16.0 Norway 164.7 14.7 13.5 2.4 8.6 Sweden 145.1 27.2 15.4 2.9 8.7 Netherlands 91.2 21.0 19.1 14.9 1.0 7.2 France 78.1 6.0 13.6 21.8 0.9 14.1 Germany 70.1 8.6 10.5 16.8 1.7 14.9 Austria 134.1 2.5 9.5 9.6 1.2 8.8 Italy 79.5 3.3 17.5 0.8 2.3 Greece 54.2 1.7 6.0 22.2 0.3 2.7 UK 123.4 0.7 3.6 7.5 0.8 8.4 Ireland 182.7 3.2 4.9 0.7 11.8 USA 96.9 4.4 2.1 10.9 0.6 3.8 Canada 102.6 4.2 3.2 11.7 1.0 7.8 India 48.3 4.2 0.2 0.0 21.1 Australia 96.0 9.7 3.0 8.5 1.2 6.4 Japan 38.0 6.2 7.2 1.0 0.1 1.1 Source: International Dairy Federation

5. Species Table 3. Composition of Milk from Different Mammalian Species (per 100 g fresh milk). Protein (g) Fat (g) Carbohydrate (g) Energy (kcal) Cow 3.2 3.7 4.6 66 Human 1.1 4.2 7.0 72 Water Buffalo 4.1 9.0 4.8 118 Goat 2.9 3.8 4.7 67 Donkey 1.9 0.6 6.1 38 Elephant 4.0 5.0 5.3 85 Monkey, rhesus 1.6 4.0 7.0 73 Mouse 9.0 13.1 3.0 171 Whale 10.9 42.3 1.3 443 Seal 10.2 49.4 0.1 502

6. Cow's Milk Breed Table 4. Gross composition of milk of various breeds, g/100g. Body Wt. Milk Yield Fat Protein Lactose Ash Total Solids (kg) (kg) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Holstein 640 7360 3.54 3.29 4.68 0.72 12.16 Brown Swiss 640 6100 3.99 3.64 4.94 0.74 13.08 Ayrshire 520 5760 3.95 3.48 4.60 0.72 12.77 Guernsey 500 5270 4.72 3.75 4.71 0.76 14.04 Jersey 430 5060 5.13 3.98 4.83 0.77 14.42 Shorthorn 530 5370 4.0 3.32 4.89 0.73 12.9 Holstein: 12.16% T.S. x 7360 kg/lactation = 895 kg of total solids produced/lactation (140% of her body wt.!) Jersey: 14.42% T.S. x 5060 kg/lactation = 730 kg of total solids produced/lactation (170% of her body wt.!)

12. Co-mingled sample at the plant

13. Individual farm samples for antibiotics, composition, somatic cell and bacteria counts

15. Typical Receiving Operations

21. Plate Heat Exchanger

22. High-Temperature, Short-Time Pasteurizer

23. Centrifugal processes.

24. Separation

26. Raw Milk ( 3-20  m globules)

27. Homogenized milk ( <2  m globules)

31. Cheese

32. Color is added to the milk and allowed to mix thoroughly.

33. Rennet is used to coagulate the curd and to separate the whey, or watery portion of milk, from the solids.

34. After addition of the rennet, the milk is allowed to sit undisturbed. The resulting curd is tested with a knife.

35. The curds are stirred as they are heated in a cooking step.

36. The cut curds are allowed to rest so the culture can grow. The pieces are turned every 15 minutes.

37. The cheese molds are filled in preparation for pressing.

38. Pressed, unripened cheese.

39. Dairy Processing Handbook Automated Cheddar Cheese Manufacture