blood transfution

1. Submited by:
Avishek Majumder
M.Sc Biotechnology (1st sem)
En.No: 11

2. What is blood transfusing?
A blood transfusion is a safe, common procedure in which you
receive blood through an intravenous (IV) line inserted into
one of your blood vessels.
Blood transfusions are used to replace blood lost during surgery
or a serious injury. A transfusion also might be done if your
body can't make blood properly because of an illness.
Early transfusions used whole blood, but modern medical
practice commonly uses only components of the blood, such
as red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, clotting factors,
and platelets.

3. Blood Bag

4. Procedure:
 Blood donation: Blood transfusions typically use sources of
blood: one's own (autologous transfusion), or someone else's
(allogeneic or homologous transfusion). In developed
countries, donations are usually anonymous to the recipient,
in a blood bank.
 Testing: Collected blood is then separated into blood
components by centrifugation: red blood cells, plasma,
platelets, albumin protein, clotting factor concentrates,
cryoprecipitate, fibrinogen concentrate, and
immunoglobulins (antibodies).
Contd.

5.  Testing: All donated blood is tested for infections. All donated
blood is also tested for ABO and Rh groups, along with the
presence of any red blood cell antibodies.
 Compability testing: Before a recipient receives a
transfusion, compatibility testing between donor and recipient
blood must be done. Typing of recipient's blood determines the
ABO and Rh status. The patient's serum is tested against the
various donor cells. If there is no antibody present, an
immediate computer assisted crossmatch is performed where
the recipient serum and donor rbc are incubated and tested and
the unit should not be transfused.
Contd.

6.  Compatibility testing: If an antibody is suspected, potential
donor units must first be screened for the corresponding
antigen by phenotyping them, tested and then unit must be
transfused. However in urgent cases where crossmatching
cannot be completed blood type ‘O’ is used as its an universal
donor.

8. Risks of blood transfusion:
 Allergic reactions: difficulty breathing, low blood pressure,
anxiety, rapid heartbeat and nausea.
 Fever: febrile reaction.
 Acute immune hemolytic reaction: donor blood type is not a
proper match.
 Bloodborn infections: HIV, Hepatitis-B, Sepsis etc.
 Iron overload: too much iron in blood affecting liver and heart.