1. Using RFID Technology to Develop an Attendance System and Avoid Traffic
Congestion around Kindergartens
RFID:
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is the use of a wireless non-contact system that uses radio-frequency electromagnetic fields to transfer data
from a tag attached to an object, for the purposes of automatic identification and tracking. Some tags require no battery and are powered by the
electromagnetic fields used to read them. Others use a local power source and emit radio waves (electromagnetic radiation at radio frequencies).
The tag contains electronically stored information which can be read from up to several meters (yards) away. Unlike a bar code, the tag does not
need to be within line of sight of the reader and may be embedded in the tracked object.
RELATED RFID WORKS
IN SCHOOLS AND UNIVERSITIES:
School authorities in the Japanese city of Osaka are now chipping children's clothing, back packs, and student IDs in a primary school. [54] A school
in Doncaster, England is piloting a monitoring system designed to keep tabs on pupils by tracking radio chips in their uniforms.[55] St Charles Sixth
Form College in west London, England, started September, 2008, is using an RFID card system to check in and out of the main gate, to both track
attendance and prevent unauthorized entrance. Similarly, Whitcliffe Mount School in Cleckheaton, England uses RFID to track pupils and staff in
and out of the building via a specially designed card. In the Philippines, some schools already use RFID in IDs for borrowing books and also gates
in those particular schools have RFID ID scanners for buying items at a school shop and canteen, library and also to sign in and sign out for student
and teacher's attendance.
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:
The medical institution in Taiwan, Tri-Service General Hospital has been conducting an experimental project utilizing RFID to facilitate the
management on patient tracking and epidemic prevention/control.
The RFID system in this hospital applies to the emergency ward and operating room currently, in order to confirm the identity of
patients and complete registration immediately for further treatment. The medical staff can obtain the patient detailed treatment record and
physical data including name, age, blood type, relative's name, and contact information, etc.
ABSTRACT
This paper aims at developing applications based on active RFID and wireless GSM message to construct an active student attendance system that
sends the message to parents cellular phone informing whether their children are safely arrive in classroom at morning. Meanwhile, the system is
also used to relieve the traffic congestion around kindergartens especially while the parents are driving cars to pick up their children after class at
rush or on rainy days.
INTRODUCTION
Traditionally, the security of kindergartens is highly relied on the human’s effort and attention like guardians and teachers. However, if there
is no active informing service provide by kindergartens usually, parents have no idea of when and whether their children safely
arrive in their classroom after they are picked up by school bus. Every morning the student attendance offers the first hand information of
children safety.But sometimes it is complicated to exactly track the attendance since the children arrive in a period of time in the
morning and some of them come with their parents and some come by school bus. So we develop an active RFID attendance system
to overcome the barriers and mistakes of manually taking attendance and combine the wireless GSM message service to provide real time
responses to their parents cellular phone.Parents can check the message and understand when their children are safely arrived. On the
contrary, a noticing message will be broadcasted to administrators and parents if the children do not show up in a class on time so that the
adults have the enough time to check out these particular children and prevent accident happens.
Another main purpose of the system is used to relieve the traffic jam around the kindergarten after class, parents drive to school to pick
up their children at the same time. Many cars would get stuck by kindergarten because they all temporarily park in front of the school and
wait to find out their children and bring them out. The traffic chaos is more serious especially on rainy days or the kindergarten is located
on a busy district. With the prior distributed RFID tags carried by parents, the system can detect the approaching cars in a specific distance
and identify the children who would be picked up next. Thus, the school broadcasting system would read the children name and
guardians could bring them out so that these parent cars can pick up their children without additional waiting.
IMPLEMENTATION
REQUIREMENTS:
1.Electronic tags :
Electronic tag chip will be stored uniquely identifies items that represent information; from the appearance point of view, the label
can have a variety of packages; from the power supply point of view, the label is divided into two kinds of active and passive.
Signal transceiver functions, real-time read the RFID tags within the scope of monitoring, and read through the appropriate network
information is passed to the background of the software system.
2. Main Function:

2. UHF long distance RFID reader to read and write distance, you can simultaneously read multiple cards
The passive tags do not need to maintain the multi-faceted reader antenna array structure, to ensure that no leakage to read the
phenomenon.The reader automatically reads the card information. do not need to stay in card increased by efficiency
Students to school and leave school via text message to the relevant parent/guardian prompt.
The system data can be stored for a long, query UHF RFID reader, read range of 5 to 10 m,Through the entrances and exits can be
accurately identified by the system.easy to install
REQUIREMENTS:
RFID TAG
RFID READER
GPRS MODEM
These are the main requirements
RFID READER:
An RFID reader is a device that is used to interrogate an rfid tag. The reader has an antenna that emits radio waves; the tag responds by sending
back its data. number of factors can affect the distance at which a tag can be read (the read range). The frequency used for identification, the antenna
gain, the orientation and polarization of the reader antenna and the transponder antenna, as well as the placement of the tag on the object to be
identified will all have an impact on the RFID system’s read range.
It is used to construct the attendance system that operates at 433MHz and the longest range is about 58 meters.
RFID TAG
The RFID tag can be affixed to an object and used to track and manage inventory, assets, people, etc. For example, it can be affixed to cars,
computer equipment, books, mobile phones, etc.
RFID offers advantages over manual systems or use of bar codes.The tag can be read if passed near a reader, even if it is covered by the object or
not visible. The tag can be read inside a case, carton, box or other container, and unlike barcodes, RFID tags can be read hundreds at a time. Bar
codes can only be read one at a time.
The major advantages of an active rfid tag are:
It can be read at distances of one hundred feet or more, greatly improving the utility of the device
It may have other sensors that can use electricity for power.
3.GPRS MODEM:
The term GPRS refers to General Packet Radio Service.GPRS is a packet oriented mobile data service on the 2G and 3G cellular
communication system's global system for mobile communications (GSM), its main function is to send messages to its important users and
to inform whom its status quo of the present system when an emergency happens. Besides, it is equipped with a function of
receiving messages .If necessary,it can even turn the contents of messages into computer commands.

3. IMPLEMENTATION
For example consider the the reader interface
Here the operations performed here are :Searching for the tag,processing the tag,writing tags to database,writing tag information to file, reading tag
information from file.These are the basic operations performed in an RFID reader.
1. After a user press the button “connect “, the server will be connected to the reader.
2. At this moment , the reader starts reading tag ID number, and shows it in the tag ID column of a user
operating interface.
3. After it is shown, the system will search for the related user’s information in the database accordingto
the tag ID number, such as the students’ names, the parents’ names and whose mobile phone numbers and
so on.
4. If it is school time at that moment, the system will send a message to the parents to confirm that their
children have arrived at school safely .
5. If it is after school at that moment, the system will send the recording files related to the children to
the media player list, and let the school broadcast the information on the campus The system is an active
RFID system of enhancing security for kindergartens.
6. When a student goes into the school, the reader will respond the student’s tag and write his/her information
into the roll file.At the same time,the system reads the information of the student and sends message to
his/her parent through the massage sender. It proves that the student has reached school safely, and let
his/her parent work without worry.
RFID OPERATIONS AFTER ENTERING INTO SCHOOL:
The RFID electronic identification tag can be a student’s nameplate. When a student in
the kindergarten or in the elementary enters or leaves the campus, the reader established in the schoolyard will
send a message to the school server, and another about “safe arrival “ or “safe leaving “ to his /her parent , which
can let the parent understand the kid’s whereabouts completely. Meanwhile, the school can also control the

4. student’s attendance condition. By doing so, it forms a better and safer electronic protection.
RFID OPERATIONS AFTER LEAVING SCHOOL:
The reader can respond the parent’s tag away from about 50 meters, looking for his/her kid’s information in the
database, and read it out. After that, the system will put a recording file on the Media player list, and broadcast it through
the school’s broadcasting system in advance. After the kid hears the message, he/she can earlier get ready to be picked
up by their parent outside the building so that their parent can immediately take their children without additional
waiting. Consequently, the traffic congestion in front of the kindergarten is significantly relieved at rush hour after
class
CONCLUSION:
The proposed student attendance system based on RFID technology and combine GSM message service to provide
the real time information that informs the parents if their children are safely arrive in classroom on time every
morning with their cellular phones. Another purpose of the system is to avoid the traffic congestion by the
kindergarten due to the approaching cars of the parents for picking up their children at the same time after school.
ADVANTAGES OF RFID:
Hands Free
RFID makes automatic reads, which saves labor and increases accuracy. It also allows you to wave your passport, credit card and so on
for instant approval.
Read Rate
RFID in some configurations can read several hundred items in seconds (useful in retail, checking inventory and so on); bar code can read
perhaps one item per second.
Implantable
RFID is implantable in animals this allows animal farmers to monitor thousands of heads of cattle and zoologists to monitor the movements of
fish, deer, birds and other animals.
Traceability
With RFID, any tagged item creates its own history. Thus, expired medicine, contaminated foods, lost items or simply an item of inventory may
be traced to its last known location.