The document provides information on house drainage systems, including its key components and design principles. It discusses the objectives of house drainage which include maintaining healthy conditions and facilitating the quick removal of waste. It describes various drainage system components such as traps (P, Q, S traps), pipes (soil, waste, vent), and sanitary fittings (wash basins, sinks, bathtubs, water closets, urinals). The document also outlines different plumbing systems including single stack, one pipe, partially ventilated single stack, and two pipe systems. Finally, it provides an example house drainage plan layout.

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PREPAREDPREPARED
BY:-BY:-
Karm BalarKarm Balar
ASST. Prof.ASST. Prof.
S.S.A.S.I.T G.T.U
SHREE SWAMI ATMANAND SARASWATISHREE SWAMI ATMANAND SARASWATI
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, SURATINSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, SURAT
House Drainage SystemHouse Drainage System
EnvironmEntal EnginEEringEnvironmEntal EnginEEring
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2. SyllabusSyllabus
 principles of house drainage,principles of house drainage,
 pipes and trapspipes and traps
 Classification of trapsClassification of traps
 sanitary fittingssanitary fittings
 system of plumbingsystem of plumbing
 house drainage plan.house drainage plan.
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3.  House drainage :- The principles and procedure to be followed while
constructing and laying sewer lines in private buildings are referred as ‘house
drainage ’.
 Aims :-
1.To maintain healthy condition in the building .
2.To dispose off waste wateras early and quickly as possible .
3.To avoid the entry of foul gases from the sewer or the septic tank .
4.To facilitate quickremoval of foul matter.
5.To collect and remove waste matters systematically .

4. Definition ofDefinition of
TermsTerms
• Wastewater: Water when used for
different purpose like domestic
commercial, industrial etc., receives
impurities and become wastewater.
Thus wastewater is used water and it
has physical, chemical, and
biological Impurities in it.
• Sewage: The waste water coming
from W.C. and containing human
excreta is known as sewage.
• Soil Pipe: It is pipe carrying sewage
from W.C.
• Sewer: A pipe carrying sewage/
wastewater is called sewer. 4

5. • Sullage: The Wastewater coming from bathrooms and kitchens
which does not contain fecal matter is known as sullage.
• Waste Pipe: It is a pipe carrying sullage from bathrooms, kitchens,
sinks, wash basins, etc.
• Plumbing System: It is entire system of pipe line for providing water
supply to the building or it is a system of pipes for disposal of
wastewater from the building.
• Rainwater pipe :- It is a pipe which carries only the rainwater .
Trap :- Trap which is connected at the end of the soil pipe or waste
pipe to stop the entry of foul gases inside the building is known as
trap.
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6. Principles Of House DrainagePrinciples Of House Drainage
• House Drainage should be preferable laid by side of the building to
facilitate easy repair and better maintenance.
• House sewer joints should be leek proof because leakage if any shall
create an odor problem and leaked wastewater shall infiltrate in the
ground and shall reduce bearing capacity of soil below foundation,
which is not desirable.
• The sewage or sullage should flow under the force of gravity.
• The house sewer should always be straight.
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• The entire system should be well ventilated from start to the end.
• The house sewer should be connected to the manhole such that the
invert level is sufficiently higher to avoid back flow of sewage in
house sewer.
• Where ever there is change in direction of sewer line in the premises,
provide inspection chamber at the junction.
• Rain water from roofs or open courtyards should not be allowed to
flow through the house sewers.
• Adequate ventilation systems should be installed.

8. COMPONENTS OF HOUSE DRAINAGE SYSTEM
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9. Traps :-
The device which is connected at the end of soil pipe or
waste pipe to stop the entry of foul gases inside the building from
soil is known as trap .
It is a bent pipe in the shape of ‘u’ which always remain full of
water.
The depth of waterseal varies from 25mm to 75mm.

10. • Should provide enough water seal ( around 50 mm) with large
surface area.
• Interiors surface should be smooth so that the flow is not
obstructed which enables self cleaning.
• It should be made of non- absorb material.
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12. Classification of traps :-
A.Classification according to shape :
1.P – trap
2.Q – trap
3.S – trap

13. P, Q and S TrapsP, Q and S Traps
Q TrapQ Trap S TrapS TrapP TrapP Trap
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15. BASED ON THE USE, THE TRAPS ARE CLASSIFIED
AS:
•Floor Traps (Nahni Trap)Floor Traps (Nahni Trap)
•Gully TrapsGully Traps
•Intercepting TrapsIntercepting Traps
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16. Floor Trap (Nahni Trap)Floor Trap (Nahni Trap)
•Floor Trap ( Nahni Trap):
This trap is generally used to admit sullage from the floors of
rooms, bathrooms, kitchen etc. in to the sullage pipe.
This is provided with cast iron or stainless steel or
galvanised gratings (Jallis) at its top so that the entry of
larger matter is prevented therby chances of blockage are
reduced.
A commonly used name of trap is Nahni Trap.
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17. Nahni TrapNahni Trap
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19. Gully TrapGully Trap
•A Gully trap or gully is provided at a junction of a roof
drain and other drain coming from kitchen or bathroom.
•Gully traps may either have a P shaped or Q shaped water
sealing arrangement. The water seal is normally 50 mm to
75 mm deep.
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21. Intercepting TrapsIntercepting Traps
•Intercepting traps is provided at junction of a house sewer
and municipal sewer for preventing entry of foul gases of
municipal sewer in to the house drainage system.
•Intercepting trap is provided in the manhole as shown in the
following figure.
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23. Requirement of a good trap :-
1.It should possess a adequate waterseal at all times .
2.It should be not absorbent material .
3.The internal and external surface should have smooth finish so
that dirt , etc. Does not stick to it .
4.It should be free from any inside projection , angles ,
contractions, so that flow is not obstructed.
5.It should be self cleansing .
6.It should be simple in construction , cheap and readily
available.

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1. Soil pipe : it is the pipe carrying sewage from urinals , water closet ,
etc.
2. Waste pipe : it is pipe carrying sewage from bathrooms , kitchen ,
sinks etc. It does not carry human excreta.
3. Vent pipe: the pipe installed for the purpose of ventilation of the
system is known as vent pipe .
4. Rain water: it is a pipe which carries only the rain water .
5. Antisiphonage pipe : a pipe which is installed in the house drainage
to preserve the waterseal of the traps is known as antisiphonage pipe
.
6. Ventilating pipe : the ventilating pipe enables the foul gases of
 PIPES

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 Soil pipe: 100mm
 Waste pipe: horizontal: 30-50mm
 Waste pipe: vertical : 75mm
 Rainwater pipe : 75mm
 Vent pipe: 50mm
 Connecting soil pipe: 50mm
 Connecting waste pipe: 40mm
SIZES OF PIPES

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Material Application Jointing
Cast iron 50 mm and above vent and discharge
stacks
Lead caulking with molten or fibrous
lead; cold compound caulking
Galvanized steel Waste pipe Screwed
Copper Waste pipes and traps Compression, capillary, silver solder,
bronze weld or push-fit rings seal
Lead Waste pipes and discharge stacks Soldered or lead welded
ABS (acrylonitrile
butadiene styrene)
Up to 50 mm waste and vent pipes Solvent cement and push-fit ring seal
High-density
polyethylene
Up to 50 mm waste and ventilating pipes
and traps
Push-fit ring seal and compression fittings
Polypropylene Up to 50 mm waste and ventilating pipes
and traps
Push-fit ring seal and compression
couplings
Modified PVC Up to 50 mm waste and vent pipes Solvent cement and push-fit ring seal
Unplasticized PVC Over 50 mm soil and vent stacks; vent
pipes under 50 mm
Solvent cement and push-fit ring seal
Pitch fibre Over 50 mm discharge and vent stacks Driven taper or polypropylene fitting with
a push-fit ring seal

27. Sanitary FittingsSanitary Fittings
• Following sanitary fittings are used in the house drainage system.
• Wash Basin
• Sinks
• Bath tubs
• Water Closets
• Urinals
• Flushing Cisterns
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28. They can be obtained to fit into a corner of the room and may be
supported on brackets, a pedestal or by a ‘built in’ corbel.
A wash basin is usually made of white glazed earth ware or enameled
iron, etc. Sometimes, they are also made of pressed steel or
plastic. There are two types of wash basins - the flat back and the angle
back.
An ordinary wash basin is mounted on brackets fixed on wall. While a
pedestal type basin is mounted on pedestal rising from wall. They are
available in different shapes and sizes.
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WASHBASIN

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Standard sizes for flat back wash basins are
630 x 450 mm
550 x 400 mm
450 x 300 mm
Standard sizes for angle back wash basins are
600 x 480 mm
400 x 400 mm
 It has oval shaped bowl. with overflow slot at the top, The
waste pipe with a metallic strainer is provided at the bottom of
the bowl.

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32. Types of Wash BasinsTypes of Wash Basins
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33. SINK
Sinks of all types are in wide use in a multitude of different
applications. Such as scrub sinks, service sinks, lavatories sinks, bar
sinks, kitchen sink are just a few of the more common ones used in
plumbing systems.
 Sinks can be made of porcelain, stainless steel, plastic, fiberglass or
any other nonporous material.
The sink has an outlet usually of about 40 mm diameter. The outlet
pipe discharges water over a floor trap or nahni trap. The mouth of
outlet pipe is provided with grating of bras so that the entry of coarse
solid substances is prevented. 33

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Common sizes of kitchen sinks:
600 x 400 x 150 mm
600 x 450 x 250 mm
750 x 450 x 250 mm
Common sizes for laboratory sinks:
400 x 250 x 150 mm
450 x 300 x 150 mm
600 x 400 x 200 mm

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BATHTUBS
 A sanitary appliance in which provided in bathroom.
 Bath tubs are available in cast iron, pressed steel or in various
types of plastics and acrylics.
 Bath tub should be fixed as low as possible to assist getting in
and out. The water supply may be pillar tabs or by a special
fitting incorporating a diverter and a shower.

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 For domestic installations, the taps and supply pipes are 19
mm internal diameter, but for institutions these are
sometimes enlarge to 25 mm, to increase the speed of
filling.
 The usual dimensions of both tub are:
length : 1.7 to 1.85 m
width : 0.70 to 0.75 m
depth : 0.6 m

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WATERCLOSET
 A water closet is a sanitary fitting which is designed to receive
human excreta directly and convey to the septic tank or
underground sewer through a trap.
 It is usually connected to a flushing to flush the closet and
discharge the human excrete to the soil pipe.
 This is the most common type of plumbing appliance and also
known as a toilet. Water closet are usually subdivided according
to where they are mounted (floor mounted and wall
mounted ) and how they are flushed (tank type and flush valve

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The water closets are of three type :
1) Indian type
2) European type
3) Anglo- Indian type

42. Indian Type WCIndian Type WC
Indian standard IS 2556 Part III- 1990Indian standard IS 2556 Part III- 1990
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43. European Type Water ClosetEuropean Type Water Closet
The closet is fitted with P-trap or S Trap.The closet is fitted with P-trap or S Trap.
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44. Anglo Indian Type W/CAnglo Indian Type W/C
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URINAL
 They are designed to accept and dispose of liquid humanThey are designed to accept and dispose of liquid human
wastes only.wastes only.
 The types of urinal areThe types of urinal are
 ceramic slabceramic slab
 stall typestall type
 bowl type.bowl type.
 Stall urinals has more than one units, with a c/c spacing of 0.6
to 0.7 m.
 Automatic flushing are generally provided in stall type which
operates at regular interval of 10 to 15 mins.

46. House Drainage
• Urinals

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SLAB URINAL STALL URINALSTALL URINAL

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FLUSHINGTANK
Function :
Used to flush away the contents of soil fitting to the drain.
It is installed to flush the water closet and urinal.
Specification:
Fixed 2m and 0.6 mabove floorlevel.
Capacity of the tank from 5 to 15 liters (popular : 9 liter)
For Indian w/c, flushing tank are made from cast iron and fixed at
a height of about 1.75 mabove the top of the closest pan.

50.  Systemof plumbing:-
There are four principal system of plumbing for drainage of
building :
1.Single stack system
2.One pipe system
3.Partially ventilated single stack system
4.Two pipe system

51. Single Stack SystemSingle Stack System
• From the name it is clear that only single pipe acts as soil pipe, waste
pipe and ventilation pipe.
• This is poorly ventilated system
• It is simple system and easy to construct.
• Risk of water seal breaking in the trap is high.
• Waste or air of the waste pipe may be forced up due to back
pressure.
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53. One Pipe SystemOne Pipe System
•A Separate vent pipe is provided in this system.
•This system is costly and difficult to construct
•Ventilation is provided to sullage pipe and soil pipe too.
•Arrangement of pipe work is difficult.
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55. Single Stack Partially Ventilated System
• Only water closet traps are ventilated.
• Traps of baths, washbasins and kitchen are not joined with vent
pipe.
• this will discharged in to one common soil and waste pipe .
• This is economical system
• It is required to maintain water seal of 75 mm or more.
• It has simple arrangement of pipe.
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57. Two Pipe SystemTwo Pipe System
•Water closets, bath traps, kitchen traps and wash
basin traps all are connected to vent pipes.
•Separate soil pipe and waste pipes are provided.
•Two vent pipes are provided.
•There are four stakes in this system
•It is efficient system but costlier than other systems.
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60. House Drainage PlanHouse Drainage Plan
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