5. DEFINITION:-Cholera is an infectious disease
characterised by vomiting and severe
diarrhoea with fluid and electrolyte
deplition.
OR
Cholera is an acute diarrrhoel illness
caused by infection of intestine with
bacteria v. cholerae.
6. FLUID LOSS ISFLUID LOSS IS 1-20%1-20% PERPER
DAY IN CHOLERA.DAY IN CHOLERA.
9. 1. AGENTAGENT
• The causitive agent for cholera is
vibrio cholerae.
• The causitive organism is present
in stool and vomits of cases and
carriers.
• The cholera occurs when vibrio
cholerae exceed
(10^9) in water.
(10^3) in food.
i.e.high doses of cholera
produce clinical symptoms.
10. • The optimum ph for
organism is 8.2.
• The organism is
extreamly sensitive
to acidic medium
which kill it.
(stomach)
38. STAGE 3STAGE 3 (stage of collapse)
Patient rapidly developPatient rapidly develop
a)a) DehydrationDehydration
b)b) Eyes are sunkenEyes are sunken
c)c) Skin become dry,Skin become dry,
wrinkled and clammy.wrinkled and clammy.
d)d) Suppresssion of urineSuppresssion of urine
e)e) Decreased bodyDecreased body
tempraturetemprature
f)f) Low blood pressureLow blood pressure
39. STAGE 4 (stage of reaction)
I.Death seems imminent.
II.Surface temprature begins to
rise.
III.Vommits
45. Specimens should send
immediately to laboratory
for processing.
In case of delay stool
sampels may be preserved
in holding media or cary
blair media.
47. PREVEPREVENTIONNTION
Cholera is an disease of five f or the
unhygienic conditions.so people must
keep their house and surrounding
absolutely clean and free from flies.
Educate the people about the dangers
of five f
Educate people to wash their hands
before food and after defecation.
50. TREATMENT;-
Mild dehydration
Patiet will alert, restless and
thirsty.
Radial pulse will be normal
in rate and volume.
Blood pressure will be
normal.
No change in the urine
output.
Tongue will be moist.
Severe dehydration
Patient will appear
drowsy,cold or comma.
Pulse will feeble or
sometimes not palpable.
Blood pressure will be
lower due to loss of
potassium.
Tongue will be dry.
51. Contd…
Mild dehydration
Skin will retract easily if
pinched.
ORS solution is required
Solution can be prepared
at home.
Severe dehydration
Skin elasticity will be
decreased .
On pinch skin will retract
very slowly.
RINGER LACTATE is
required .
It requires hospitilization.
74. 3.monitor result of
serum electrolyte and
glucose tests.
administer replacement
fluids and electrolytes
as ordered.
75. 4.During therapy,
continue to evaluate
peripheral pulses and
central pulses, central
venous pressure and
orthostatic blood
presssure.
76. 5. Carefully observe
neck veins and
auscultate the lungs
for indications of
fluid overload from
cardiac failure.
77.
78. HEALTHHEALTH EDUCATIONEDUCATION
It is an preventive effective
measure for
achieving prevention and control.
health education regarding;-
causes
symptoms
prevention
control of cholera
knowledge regarding symtoms also
help to take the appropriate
steps to control cholera
80. RECAPTULISATION
1) Mortality rate is ___in treated cases
while ____in untreated ones.
2) Fluid loss is _______ in cholera.
3) Cholera occurs when v.cholerae exceeds
________ in food
______ in water
4) Incubation period for cholera is
_________
5) Metabolic acidosis is due to
_______________________
81. 6) rice watery diarrhoea seems in _______
stage of cholera
7) In the treatment of cholera
_______ is used in severe dehydration
_______ is used in mild dehydration
8) ________ is contraindicated in pregnancy.
82. HOW WE CAN DISINFECT
WATER
WHICH MEDIA IS USED TO
PRESERVE THE STOOL SAMPLES IN
CASE OF DELAY
83. 11%, 50%
2. 1-20% /day
3. 10^3, 10^9
4. few hours to 5 days
5. excessive release of bicarbonate ions in the lumen
6.stage 2
7. RL, ORS
8. Tetracyclin
