1. Stage 5:
Conclusions and
Evaluation

2. Conclusions
Answer each sub-question referring to your data analysis
section for supporting evidence:
1. Is there a significant difference in the environmental quality
between the inner and outer wards of Birmingham?
The Environment of Quinton (outer ward) is significantly better than that
in Ladywood (inner ward).
This conclusion is based on the evidence from a total of 96 Environmental
Quality Assessments. The data was analysed using measurements of central
tendency, I.Q.R. comparisons and a Mann Whitney U Test, which showed
that with greater than 99.9% confidence, a significant difference existed
between the two data sets.

3. 2. Is there a significant difference in the socio-economic profile of the
population between the inner and outer wards of Birmingham?
The socio-economic profile of Quinton is significantly more affluent/wealthy than
that of Ladywood.
This conclusion is based on the comparison of 12 indicators of wealth and
deprivation for two Lower Layer Super Output areas in Quinton and Ladywood. The
data, obtained from the 2011 Census, showed that in all indicators of
wealth/affluence, such as % private tenure and % employment level, Quinton
consistently had higher values. In contrast for the deprivation indicators such as %
unemployed and % with no qualifications, Ladywood consistently had higher values.

4. 3. Is there a significant difference in the levels of crime between the
inner and outer wards of Birmingham?
The levels of reported crime in Ladywood are significantly higher than in
Quinton
This conclusion is based on the total number of reported crimes, for each month in
2014, that occurred in a 1 mile radius from the centre of the wards in both
Quinton and Ladywood. The data was analysed using measurements of central
tendency, I.Q.R. comparisons and a Mann Whitney U Test, which showed that
with greater than 99.9% confidence, a significant difference existed between the
two data sets.

5. Evaluation
For each sub question you need to identify positive factors that validate your
conclusion and negative factors that may invalidate your conclusion.
To help you with this think back to the data that each conclusion was based upon. One factor has been
completed for you
Sub- question Reasons why the conclusion
is valid
Reasons why the
conclusion is invalid
1. Environmental
Quality
 Based on a large sample of data with
48 separate Environmental Quality
Scores for both Quinton and Ladywood
2. Socio-economic
Profile
3. Level of crime

6. Suggest how the investigation could be developed or extended with further research?
Improvements and extension
 Collect environmental quality perception data from people from a greater
variety of socio-economic backgrounds to give a more representative set of
scores
Analyse the reported crime data in more depth by categorising and scoring
crime by severity. For example ‘anti-social behaviour’ could score a low value
whilst ‘violent and sexual offences’ would score higher
 Extend to investigation to other Inner and Outer wards of Birmingham for
different directions, not just the south west. This would determine if the
conclusions reached are applicable to the whole of Birmingham?

7. Past Exam Questions – you will be attempting these after Easter
May 2013
Describe and explain how you planned your investigation into a changing human environment. [10]
You should state clearly the question that you have investigated.
Jan 2013
Outline the methods of data collection used in your investigation into a changing human environment. [10]
You should state clearly the question that you have investigated.
May 2011
(c) Evaluate methods used to present information in your investigation into a changing human envir
You should state clearly the question that you have investigated.
Jan 2011
(c) Outline the main conclusions of your own investigation into a changing human environment. [10]
You should state clearly the question that you have investigated.
May 2012
(c) Outline limitations in your investigation into a changing human environment
and suggest ways of overcoming them. [10]
You should state clearly the question that you have investigated.
Evaluate the methods used to describe, analyse and interpret data in an investigation into a changing human
environment that you have completed. [10]
You should clearly state the question you have investigated.
Note: The following question hasn’t been asked yet. It has for the physical investigation though!