1. 沥青路面常见病害处治方案
Common Asphalt Pavement Distresses Treatments
西安达刚路面机械股份有限公
司
XI’AN DAGANG ROAD MACHINERY CO. LTD.
Tel: 0086 29 88327462 E-mail: sales@xadagang.cn
Website: www.xadagang.cn www.dgroadmachinery.com

2. 沥青路面常见病害 Common Asphalt Pavement Distresses
 裂 缝 Cracking
 表面变形 Surface Deformation
 表面缺陷 Surface Defects
 填补病害和坑槽 Patching and Potholes
 其它病害 Miscellaneous Distresses

3. 裂缝 Cracking
 裂缝类型 Types
 疲劳裂缝 Fatigue Crack
 温缩 / 横向裂缝 Thermal/Transverse Crack
 块状裂缝 Block crack
 边缘裂缝 / 啃边 Edge crack
 纵向裂缝 Longitudinal crack
 反射裂缝 Reflection crack
 滑移裂缝 Slippage crack

4. 疲劳裂缝 / 龟裂 Fatigue cracking/ Alligator
Cracking

5. 疲劳裂缝 / 龟裂 Fatigue cracking/ Alligator
Cracking
 可能的原因 Possible Causes
 路面结构强度不足
Insufficient pavement structural strength
 路面寿命终结
End of pavement life
 路面负荷太重
Too heavy of loads

6. 疲劳裂缝 / 龟裂 Fatigue cracking/ Alligator
Cracking
 病害处治 Cures
 局部修补 Localized patching
 碎石封层 Chip seal or seal coat
 铣刨和重铺罩面 Mill and overlay

7. 温缩 / 横向裂缝
Thermal/Transverse Cracking

8. 温缩 / 横向裂缝
Thermal/Transverse Cracking
 可能的原因 Possible Causes
 温度变化造成的路面收缩与膨胀
Contraction and Expansion of Pavement with
Changing Temperatures

9. 温缩 / 横向裂缝
Thermal/Transverse Cracking
 病害处治 Cures
 封缝或灌缝 Crack sealing or Crack filling
 局部修补 Localized patching
 全深式裂缝维修 Full-depth crack repair
 碎石封层 Chip seal or seal coat
 全深式再生 Full-Depth Reclamation

10. 块状裂缝 Block Cracking

11. 块状裂缝 Block Cracking
 可能的原因 Possible Causes
 高空隙率 High Void Content
 沥青混凝土氧化硬化 Oxidative Hardening of the AC
 温缩裂缝 Thermal Cracking

12. 块状裂缝 Block Cracking
 病害处治 Cures
 封缝或灌缝 Crack sealing or Crack filling
 局部修补 Localized patching
 碎石封层 Chip seal or seal coat
 热拌沥青混合料薄层罩面 Thin hot-mix overlay
 全深式再生 Full-Depth Reclamation

13. 边缘裂缝 Edge cracking

14. 边缘裂缝 Edge cracking
 可能的原因 Possible Causes
 路面下的土移动
Soil Movement Beneath Pavement
 病害处治 Cures
 封缝或灌缝 Crack sealing or Crack filling
 局部修补 Localized patching
 全深式再生 Full-Depth Reclamation

15. 纵向裂缝 Longitudinal cracking

16. 纵向裂缝 Longitudinal cracking
 可能的原因 Possible Causes
 低温 Low temperature
 重载交通 Overload traffic
 施工接缝 longitudinal joint
 路基移动 Road base movement
 病害处治 Cure
 封缝或灌缝 Crack sealing or Crack filling
 局部修补 Localized patching
 全深式裂缝维修 Full-depth crack repair

17. 反射裂缝 Reflection cracking

18. 反射裂缝 Reflection cracking
 可能的原因 Possible Causes
 下层结构的裂缝或接缝反射
Reflection of existing cracks or joints in the underlying
structure
 水泥混凝土基层移动 Concrete slab movements
 病害处治 Cure
 封缝或灌缝 Crack sealing or Crack filling
 局部修补 Localized patching
 热拌沥青混合料薄层罩面 Thin hot-mix overlay

19. 滑移裂缝 Slippage cracking

20. 滑移裂缝 Slippage cracking
 病害描述 Description
 在刹车、转弯、加速路段出现的的 U 型开裂
U-shaped cracks in areas of braking, turning, accelerating.
 可能的原因 Possible Causes
 沥青表面层与其下卧层间的粘结力差
Poor bond between asphalt surface and underlying layer
 病害处治 Cures
局部修补 Localized patching

21. 表面变形 Surface Deformation
 类型 Types
 车辙 Rutting
 推挤 / 拥包 Shoving and Corrugation

22. 车辙 Rutting

23. 车辙 Rutting
 可能的原因 Possible Causes
 施工过程中沥青混合料压实不足
Insufficient compaction of HMA layers during construction. (If it is
not compacted enough initially, HMA pavement may continue to
densify under traffic loads.)
 路面承载不足致使路基出现车辙
Subgrade rutting (e.g., as a result of inadequate pavement
structure)
 沥青混合料设计或生产不正确 （如沥青含量过高、粉料过多
、规则集料量不足） Improper mix design or manufacture (e.g.,
excessively high asphalt content, excessive mineral filler,
insufficient amount of angular aggregate particles)

24. 车辙 Rutting
 病害处治 Cures
局部修补 Localized patching
微表处 Micro Surfacing
热拌沥青混合料薄层罩面 Thin hot-mix overlay

25. 推挤 / 拥包 Shoving and Corrugation

26. 推挤 / 拥包 Shoving and Corrugation
 可能的原因 Possible Causes
 不稳定的沥青混合料层
An unstable (i.e. low stiffness) HMA layer (caused by
mix contamination, poor mix design, poor HMA
manufacturing, or lack of aeration of liquid asphalt
emulsions)
 路基湿度过大
Excessive moisture in the subgrade
 层间移动滑移
Slippage between layers

27. 推挤 / 拥包 Shoving and Corrugation
 病害处治 Cures
局部修补 ( 挖除和填补 ) Localized patching （ Remove
the distorted pavement and patch ）
 铣刨和重铺 Milling and Overlay （ Remove the
damaged pavement and overlay ）

28. 表面缺陷 Surface Defects
 类型 Types
 泛油 Bleeding
 骨料磨光 Polished Aggregate
 松散 Raveling

29. 泛油 Bleeding

30. 泛油 Bleeding
 可能的原因 Possible Causes
 沥青混合料沥青含量过高 ( 沥青混凝土路面）
Excessive asphalt binder in the HMA (either due to mix
design or manufacturing)
 沥青洒布量过大 （沥青表处路面）
Excessive application of asphalt binder during BST
application
 沥青混合料孔隙率过低
Low HMA air void content (e.g., not enough room for
the asphalt to expand into during hot weather)

31. 泛油 Bleeding
 病害处治 Cures
 碎石封层 Seal coat or Double chip seal
 稀浆封层 Slurry seal
 微表处 Micro Surfacing
 热拌沥青混合料薄层罩面 Thin hot-mix overlay

32. 骨料磨光 Polished Aggregate

33. 骨料磨光 Polished Aggregate
 可能的原因 Possible Causes
 软骨料 Soft aggregate
 重载交通 Heavy traffic
 病害处治 Cures
 碎石封层 Seal coat or Double chip seal
 稀浆封层 Slurry seal
 微表处 Micro Surfacing
 热拌沥青混合料薄层罩面 Thin hot-mix overlay

34. 松散 Raveling

35. 松散 Raveling
 可能的原因 Possible Causes
 骨料颗粒和沥青之间缺乏粘结力（原因：骨料含尘
量大、骨料离析、施工过程中压实不够）
Loss of bond between aggregate particles and the
asphalt binder as a result of:
 A dust coating on the aggregate particles that forces the
asphalt binder to bond with the dust rather than the
aggregate.
 Aggregate Segregation.
 Inadequate compaction during construction.

36. 松散 Raveling
 病害处治 Cures
 局部修补（挖除和修补 ） Localized patching (Remove the raveled
pavement and patch)
 雾封层 Fog seal
 碎石封层 Seal coat or Double chip seal
 稀浆封层 Slurry seal
 微表处 Micro Surfacing
 热拌沥青混合料薄层罩面 Thin hot-mix overlay

37. 填补病害和坑槽 Patching and Potholes
 类型 Types
 填补恶化 Patch Deterioration
 坑槽 Potholes

38. 填补恶化 Patch Deterioration

39. 填补恶化 Patch Deterioration
 可能的原因 Possible Causes
 填补材料与原路面粘结差
Poor bonding to existing pavement
 不正确的压实 Improper compaction
 填补材料差 Poor patching materials
 原始病害的蔓延
Propagation of original distress
 病害处治 Cures
 修补（挖除和修补 ） Patching (Remove and patch)

40. 坑槽 Potholes

41. 坑槽 Potholes
 可能的原因 Possible Causes
 裂缝松散 Raveling of cracks
 水损害 Moisture damage
 冻融 Freeze-thaw
 强度不足 Insufficient strength
 病害处治 Cures
 修补 Patching

42. 其它病害 Miscellaneous Distresses
 类型 Types
 行车道至路肩部分下沉 Lane-to-Shoulder
Dropoff
 泛水和唧浆 Water Bleeding and Pumping

43. 行车道至路肩下沉 Lane-to-Shoulder Dropoff

44. 行车道至路肩下沉 Lane-to-Shoulder Dropoff
 可能的原因 Possible Causes
 行车道和路肩的材料有差别 Differences in materials
used for lane and shoulder .
 不均匀沉降 Differential settlement
 基层压实不足 Insufficient compaction of base
 病害处治 Cures
 铺设调平层 leveling overlay
 微表处 Micro-surfacing

45. 泛水和唧浆 Water Bleeding and Pumping

46. 泛水和唧浆 Water Bleeding and Pumping
 可能的原因 Possible Causes
 裂缝 Cracks
 排水不足 Inadequate drainage
 病害处治 Cures
 全深式修补 Full-depth patch
 裂缝填封 Crack seal

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