This document provides an overview of a computer project on set theory. It includes 13 sections that cover topics like the concepts of sets, types of sets like the null set and finite/infinite sets, set operations like union and intersection, and Venn diagrams. The project was submitted by a student at Islamia College of Education in Hyderabad, India to learn how to make teaching more effective using multimedia. It acknowledges the use of tools like integrated technology, custom animation, and the internet in completing the project.
3. SYNOPSIS
1. Introduction 10. Union of sets
2. Concepts of sets 11. Intersection of sets
3. Null set 12. Difference of two sets
4. Finite and infinite sets 13. Set and its complement
5. Equality of two set
6. Cardinal no of set
7. Subset
8. Universal set
9. Venn diagrams
4. SET THEORY
SET THEORY PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN MATHEMATICS IN UNIFYING ITS DIFFERENT
BRANCHES. SET THEORY WAS DEVELOPED BY GERMAN SCIENTIST GEORGE CANTOR.
5. CONCEPT OF SETS
A SET IS A WELL DEFINED COLLECTION OF OBJECTS.OBJECTS ARE THE ELEMENTS OF SETS.
A SET IS SAID TO BE WELL DEFINED IF, GIVEN AN OBJECT WE CAN DECIDE WHETHER IT IS
AN ELEMENT OF A SET OR NOT.
6. CARDINAL NUMBER OF A SET
CARDINAL NUMBER OF A SET:
THE NUMBER OF ELEMENTS IN A SET IS CALLED THE CARDINAL NUMBER OF THE SET.
7. TYPES OF SETS
NULL SET:
NULL SET IS A SET WITH NO ELEMENTS IN IT.
8. FINITE AND INFINITE SETS
FINITE SETS :
A SET WITH FINITE NUMBER OF ELEMENTS IS CALLED A FINITE SET.
INFINITE SETS :
A SET WITH INIFINITE NUMBER OF ELEMENTS IS CALLED AN INFINITE SET.
9. EQUAL SET
TWO SETS ARE SAID TO BE EQUAL IF EVERY ELEMENT OF ONE SET IS SAME AS THE OTHER
SET.
10. SUB SET
N C WC I C Q
A SET “A” IS A SUBSET OF B, IF AND ONLY IF EVERY ELEMENT OF A IS ALSO AN ELEMENT
OF B.
IT IOS DENOTED AS: A C B.
11. UNIVERSAL SET
ALL SETS UNDER CONSIDERATION WILL BE SUBSET OF FIXED SET. THIS FIXED SET IS
CALLED UNIVERSAL SET.
It is denoted as µ
12. VENN DIAGRAMS
SIMPLE CLOSED FIGURES ARE USED TO REPRESENT SET. THESE CLOSED FIGURES ARE
FIRST USED IN 1880 BY JOHN VENN AN ENGLISH MATHEMATICIAN. THESE FIGURES WERE
ALSO USED BY LEONARD EULER, (1707- 1783) THE GREAT SWISS MATHEMATICIAN. SO
THESE CLOSED FIGURES ARE CALLED VENN-EULER DIAGRAMS SIMPLY VENN DIAGRAMS.
ANY SIMPLE CLOSED FIGURE IS USE TO REPRESENT A SET.
13. BASIC SET OPERATIONS
UNION OF SETS:
UNION OF TWO SETS A AND B IS THE SET OF ALL ELEMENTS OF A TOGETHER WITH ALL
ELEMENTS OF B. IT IS REPRESENTED AS A U B AND READ AS A UNION B.
14. INTERSECTION OF TWO SETS
THE INTERSECTION OF SETS A AND B IS THE SET OF ELEMENTS WHICH ARE COMMON TO
A AND B.
IT IS WRITTEN AS A / B AND READ AS A INTERSECTION B.
15. DIFFERENCE OF TWO SETS
THE ELEMENTS THAT ARE IN A AND NOT IN B WILL FORM NEW SET.
THIS IS DENOTED BY A-B AND IS READ AS THE DIFFERENCE OF SETS A AND B.
16. COMPLEMENT OF SET
THE COMPLEMENT OF A SET A IS THE SET OF ALL ELEMENTS IN THE UNIVERSAL SET µ BUT
NOT IN A.
17. 1B-17
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGY
CUSTOM ANIMATION
MULTIMEDIA
MS-WORD
CLIP ART
INTERNET
18. 1B-18
I ASRA JABEEN thereby declare that as a part of my
B.Ed(course 2011-2012) the computer project is
successfully completed on the topic ”SETS”.
•With this project I have learnt how multimedia is useful
in imparting knowledge to students.
• Multimedia is useful to learn, to think effectively and
decision making.With this project I have learn how to
make teaching in an effective manner.This project is
guided by my lecturer Ms.Abida sultana.