The document provides a table of contents and explanations of various Spanish grammar topics including: - The difference between "que" and "cual" - How to use "ser" and "estar" - The verb "gustar" and how it works - Common transition words - Conjugations for the preterite and imperfect tenses - Triggers that indicate the imperfect tense - Expressions using "hacer" and reflexive verbs - Commands using the "tú" form and placement of objects

2. Table of Contents
 Ser- Doctor Ped  Tú commands
 Que vs. Cual  Affirmative
 Estar- Helping  Negative
 Gustar  Irregulars
 Transitions  DOP placement
 Imperfect  Preterite
 Triggers
 Acabar de + inf
 Hacer Expressions
 Verbos Gustar
 Reflexives

3. Que vs. Cual
Que Cual
•Used when asking for definitions •Usually used before “es” and other Ser
forms when not seeking a definition
•Used mostly before nouns
•Singular and plural form and the same

4. -Soy
-Eres
Ser
-Es
-Son
-Somos
D ESCRIPTIONS
-Sois
Que es?
 ORIGIN
De donde eres? Soy de ______.
 CHARACTERISTICS
Como es?
 TIME
Que hora es?
 OCCUPATION
Que hace?
 RELATIONSHIPS
Quien es?
 POSSESIONS
De quien es?
 EVENTS
Cuando/donde es?
 DATES
Que dia es hoy?

5. Estar- HELPING
 Health
 Como estas?
 Bien, mal, regular, enfermo, enferma
 Emotions
 Como estas?
 Enojado, triste, cansado, emocionado
 Location
 Donde estas?
 En: la casa, la oficina, la escuela
 Present Condition
 Como esta?
 Abierto, cerrado, verde, maduro
 ING
 Que estas haciendo?
 Jugando, estudiano, cantando, leyendo

6. Gustar
 Me gusta- it pleases me
 Te gusta- it pleases you
 Le gusta- it pleases
him/her/you
 Nos gusta- it pleases us
 Os gusta- it pleases y’all
 Les gusta- it pleases
them/you

7. Transition Words
 Tambien- also
 Primero- first
 Segundo- second
 Finally- finalmente
 Lastly- por último

8. Imperfect
Ir Ser Ver
•Iba •Era •Veía
•Ibas •Eras •Veías
•Iba •Era •Veía
•Íbamos •Éramos •Veíamos
•Ibais •Erais •Veíais
•Iban •Eran •Veían

9. Triggers
 Todos los días- everyday
 A menudo- often
 A veces- sometimes
 Siempre- always
 Cada día- daily
 Los lunes- Mondays
 Generalmente- generally
 Mientras- as
 De vez en cuando- occacionally
 Muchas veces- often
 Frecuentemente- Frequentley

10. Acabar+ De+ infinitive
 Acabo de
 Acabas de
 Acaba de
 Acabamos de
 Acaban de
- Ex. Acabo de comer unas hamburguesas y me duele es
estómago.

11. Hacer Expressions
 Hace + time + que + conjugated verb
 How much time you have been doing something.
 Ex. Hace trienta y cinco minutos que Paula espera el autobús.
 Hay + que + infinitive
 What needs to be done or what must be
 Ex. Hay que estudiar para sacar buenos notas.
 Se prohibe + infinitive
 Se permite + infinitive
 Ex. Se prohibe fumar.
 Ir + a + infinitive
 What someone is going to do
 Conjugate Ir and leave what they are going to do in infinitive form

12. Verbos Como Gustan
 -Fascinar
 To be fascinating to
 -Faltar
 To be missing
 -Encantar
 To “love” something
 -Importar
 To be important to
 -Interesar
 To be interesting to
 -Doler
 To hurt

13. Reflexivos
 Reflexive verbs indicate that the subject of the
sentence has performed an action on itself.
 When looking them up in the dictionary, they will
always end in “arse”, “irse”, or “erse.”
Reflexive Pronoun Conjugation
Me Me peino.
Te Te peinas.
Se Se peina.
Nos Nos peinamos.
Os Os peináis
Se Se peinen.

14. Tú Commands
Affirmative Negative
 Affirmative: Do ____.
Di No digas
 Drop the “s”
Haz No hagas
 Habla- Speak!
Ve No vayas
 Negative: Do not ____.
 Change to first person (como) Pon No pongas
 Add an “e” if an –ar verb and Sal No salgas
add an “a” if it is an –ir/er verb. Sé No seas
 Don’t eat it = No lo comas. Ten No tengas
 It= lo
Ven No vengas
 Irregular:

15. Me
Las Te
Los Lo
DOP Placement Os La
Nos
 There are 3 ways to attach DOPs at the end.
 Infinitives
 Voy a comerlo or I am going to eat it.
 Affirmative Commands
 Cómelo of Eat it.
 You accent the third to last syllable so that the pronunciation
stays the same. This is why the o has an accent mark.
 Present Progressive
 Estoy comiéndolo or I will eat it.
 Me, te, lo, la, nos, os, los, las

16. Pretérito
 Past tense.
 “Snapshot in time.”
 Beginning and/or ending.
 Completed action.
AR ER/IR
-é -í
-aste -iste
-ó -ió
-amos -imos
-aron -ieron