1. Employment, Labor, and Wages

5. Employer Resistance and the Courts Reaction Employers call lockouts, or refusals to allow employees to work, and they form company unions to protest the actions of worker unions. The courts have ruled to keep labor in line. They have instituted such laws as the Sherman Antitrust Act and the Clayton Act.

8. Kinds of Union Arrangements Closed Shops Employers agree to hire union members for jobs. Union Shops and Modified Union Shops Workers are hired, but have to later join unions. Modified shops do not force union membership by threatening termination. Agency Shops Does not require a worker to join union, but does require worker to pay union dues.

9. What is this cartoon saying about the relationship between unions and business?

10. Section 2-7b

14. Regardless of the rate, different wages exist for certain jobs, this leads to labor mobility.