A Des

1. NANOTECHNOLOGY

2. INTRODUCTION
• A basic definition of nanotechnology is
the study manipulation manufacture of
extremely minute machines or devices.
These devices are so small to the point
of manipulating the atoms themselves
to form materials.
• Nanotechnology is an enabling
technology that allows us to develop
materials with improved or totally new
properties

3. Contd.,
• Nanotechnology is the use of very
small particles of material. A
nanometer is a billionth of a meter.
• Nanotechnology is not a new
science and it is not a new
technology. It is rather an
extension of the sciences and
technologies .

4. Advantages
• Nanotechnology will make most exiting
products quite a bit more powerful and
flexible.
• The nanotechnology promises a rapid
improvement of technology at low cost
and high convenience.
• Computers will compute
faster, materials will become stronger
and medicine will cure more diseases

5. Disadvantages
• The nanotechnology has potential of
developing and fabricating dangerous
weapons, drugs in large quantity.
• At this moment the main limitation is the
high costs of nanotechnology. Also
concerns with the environmental effects.

6. Introduction To Nano Materials
• Nano particle: It is defined as a
particle with at least one dimension
less than 200nm.
• Nano composite : It is produced by
adding Nano particle to a bulk
Fig.Nanotube on
material in order to improve the a small cement
bulk material’s properties. grain

7. Contd.,
Carbon Nano Tubes(CNT)
• They are cylindrical with nanometer diameter.
• They have 5 times the Young’s modulus and 8 times
(theoretically 100 times) the strength of steel.

8. Contd.,
Titanium oxide(TiO2)
• Titanium dioxide is a widely used white pigment.
• When incorporated into outdoor building
materials can substantially reduce concentrations
of airborne pollutants.
• Additionally, as TiO2 is exposed to UV light, it
becomes increasingly hydrophilic ,thus it can be
used for selfcleaning windows.

9. Nanotechnology In Construction
• Concrete is stronger, more durable and more
easily placed.
•
• Steel is made tougher .
•
• Glass is self-cleaning.
•
• Paints are made more insulating and water
repelling.

10. Nanotechnology in concrete
• As we know, Concrete is a mixture of
cement, sand(fine aggregate), coarse
aggregate and water.
• As concrete is most usable material in
construction industry it’s been require to Fig.Engineered
Cementitious
improve its quality. Composites
(ECC) used to
repair a bridge
• Concrete is, after all, a macro-material deck
strongly influenced by its nano-properties.

11. Contd.,
Nano-silica in concrete
• Particle packing in concrete can be improved
by using nano-silica which leads to a
densifying of the micro and nanostructure
resulting in improved mechanical properties.
•
Fig.ECC
• Related to improved particle packing as a suppresses
result, the compressive strength of the refined cracking and
material is also 3 to 6 times Increased then becomes
the ordinary portland cement. flexible

12. Contd.,
Nano-cement in concrete
• Average size of Portland cement particle is
about 50 microns.
• Nano-cement is having particle size about 5
microns so it is used in thinner final products
and for faster setting time.
• Hydration tests indicated that the Nano-
cement had a more rapid hydration rate than
Portland cement.

13. Contd.,
TiO2 in concrete
• It can be used as an excellent reflective
coating.
• As when rain water is attracted to the surface
and forms sheets which then collect the
pollutants and dirt particles ,TiO2 then washes
them off.
• The resulting concrete, already used in
projects around the world, has a white color
that retains its whiteness very effectively. Fig.A building
coated with TiO2

14. Contd.,
CNTs in concrete
• The addition of small amounts (1% wt) of
CNT’s can improve the mechanical properties
of samples consisting of the main Portland
cement phase and water.
• Oxidized multi-walled Nano tubes (MWNT’s)
show the best improvements both in
compressive strength (+ 25 N/mm2) and
flexural strength (+ 8 N/mm2) compared to the
samples without the reinforcement.

16. Nanotechnology and steel
• Fatigue is a significant issue that can lead to
the structural failure of steel subject to cyclic
loading, such as in bridges or towers.
• Stress risers are responsible for initiating
cracks from which fatigue failure results and
research has shown that the addition of copper
Nanoparticle reduces the surface unevenness
of steel which then limits the number of stress
risers and hence fatigue cracking.

17. Contd.,
• Two products in international market
Sandvik Nanoflex
MMFX2 steel
produced by Sandvik Materials
Technology(Sweden),having desirable qualities of a
high Young’s Modulus and high strength and
resistant to corrosion is due to the presence of very
hard nanometer-sized particles.
• MMFX steel also launched by MMFX steel
corporation (America) has the mechanical
properties of conventional steel.

18. Contd.,
• As the use of the stainless steel in the
construction is limited for the sake of economy.
• The MMFX Steel is an alternative to
conventional stainless steel, but at a lower
cost.
• High rise structures require high strength joints
and this in turn leads to the need for high
strength bolts.
• Vanadium and Molybdenum Nanoparticle has
shown that they improve the delayed fracture
and hence improving the steel micro-structure.

19. Nanotechnology and glass
• To block light& heat coming through
windows, self cleaning glass using TiO2 is
used in Nanoparticle form to coat glazing since
it has sterilizing and anti-fouling properties.
• Fire-protective glass is another application of
nanotechnology.
• This is achieved by using a clear intumescent
layer sandwiched between glass panels (an
inter-layer) formed of fumed silica (SiO2)
Nanoparticle which turns into a rigid and
opaque fire shield when heated.

20. Contd.,
• As an active solution, thermo chromic
technologies are being studied which react to
temperature and provide insulation to give
protection from heating while maintaining
adequate lighting.
• A third strategy, that produces a similar
outcome by a different process, involves photo
chromic technologies which react to changes
in light intensity.

21. Nanotechnology and paints
• Nanotechnology is being applied to paints and
insulating properties, produced by the addition
of nano-sized cells, pores and particles, giving
very limited paths for thermal conduction, are
currently available.
• This type of paint is used, for corrosion
protection under insulation since it is
hydrophobic and repels water from the metal
pipe and can also protect metal from salt water
attack.

22. Contd.,
• These can also be used for Elimination of toxic
gases.
• The absorption of carbon monoxide is done by
using cuprous salt and adsorption of
hydrocarbons is done by using a complex
nanomaterial. i.e., Carbon Monolithic Aero
gels.

23. Shape memory alloys(SMAs)
• These have found increasing application in
civil structures .
• Due to super-elastics properties, the elastic
deformation of SMAs is followed by a large
increase of strain under an almost constant
stress. After unloading, only elastic strain
recovers and the residual stain can be
removed through heating.

24. Case Studies
Fig(a) Tendon buckles Fig(b)Tendon
during loading recovers after heating

25. Fig(a) Concrete cracks Fig(b) Crack is closed
upon loading up after heating

26. • The barely visible blue-green area at
the top of this X-ray shows that very few
chloride ions (in green) penetrate into the
concrete. Infiltrating chloride and
sulphate ions cause internal structural
damage over time that leads to cracks
and weakens the concrete.
• This can be removed rather than
change the size and density of the
pores in concrete, it would be better to
change the viscosity of the solution in
the concrete at the microscale to reduce
the speed at which chlorides and
sulphates enter the concrete. Fig. 7mm thick concrete
wall

27. Refrences
• www.ieee.org
• www.nanowerk.com/news/newsid=905
• http://hello-engineers.blogspot.com/
• www.futuretechnologies.com
• Nanotechnology: A gentle introduction to the
next big idea by Mark A Ratner, Daniel Ratner
technology-2002.
• http://www.slideshare.net

28. Questions And Quarries

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