1. GOOD AFTERNOON
WELCOM
PRESENTED BY
BIBIN THOMAS

2. STEEL
INDUSTRY

3. Steel
 Steel is an alloy made by combining iron and
other elements, the most common of these being
carbon.
Carbon and other elements act as a hardening
agent, preventing dislocations in the iron atom
crystal lattice from sliding past one another.
Steel with increased carbon content can be
made harder and stronger than iron, but such
steel is also less ductile than iron.

4. World Steel Industry
Steel, the recycled material is one of the top
products in the manufacturing sector of the
world.
After the adoption of the liberalization policies
all over the world, the World steel industry is
growing very fast.

5. HISTORY OF STEEL
Steel was discovered by the Chinese in 202
BC.
Around 9th century AD, the smiths in the
Middle East developed techniques top
produce sharp and flexible steel blades.
In the 17th century, smiths in Europe came
to know about a new process of cementation
to produce steel.

6. Why Steel?
Steel: A cornerstone of the world's economy
The industry directly employs about more than two
million people worldwide, with a further two million
contractors and four million people in the supporting
industries.
World crude steel production has increased from 851
mega tonnes (Mt) in 2001 to 1,527 Mt in 2011. (It was
28.3 Mt in 1900).
World average steel use per capita has steadily
increased from 150 kg in 2001 to 215 kg in 2011.
India, Brazil, South Korea and Turkey have all entered
the top 10 steel producers list in the last 40 years

7. Why Steel? Cont..
Sustainable steel
Steel is at the core of the green economy, in which
economic growth and environmental responsibility work
hand in hand.
Steel is the main material used in delivering renewable
energy – solar, tidal and wind.
All steel created as long as 150 years can be recycled today
and used in new products and applications.
The amount of energy required to produce a tonne of steel
has been reduced by 50% in the last 30 years.
Nowadays, 97% of steel by-products can be reused.

8. Why Steel? Cont..
Steel is everywhere in your life
Steel touches every aspect of our lives. No other
material has the same unique combination of
strength, formability and versatility.
Almost 200 billion cans of food are produced each year.
Steel cans mean saving energy as refrigeration is not
needed. Cans mean tamper-free and safe food,
nutritional value and beneficial environmental impact
from recycling.
Approximately 25% of an average computer is made of
steel. Over 320 million PCs were sold in 2010.

9. USES OF STEEL
 In the construction of roads, railways,
infrastructure, and buildings
Large modern structures, such as stadiums
and skyscrapers, bridges, and airports, are
supported by a steel skeleton.
Those with a concrete structure will employ
steel for reinforcing. In addition to widespread
use in major appliances and cars (Despite
growth in usage of aluminium, it is still the
main material for car bodies.)

10. USES OF STEEL
Cont…
Steel is used in a variety of other construction-
related applications, such as bolts, nails, and
screws.
Shipbuilding, pipeline transport, mining,
offshore construction, pipeline transport,
aerospace, white goods (e.g. washing machines),
heavy equipment(e.g. bulldozers), office furniture,
steel wool, tools, and armour in the form of
personal vests or vehicle armour (better known as
rolled homogeneous armour in this role).

11. Steel Production (million tonnes)
Rank Country/Region 2010 2011
World 1413.6 1490.1
1 People's Republic of China 626.7 683.3
2 Japan 109.6 107.6
3 United States 80.6 86.2
4 India 68.3 72.2
5 Russia 66.9 68.7
6 South Korea 58.5 68.5
7 Germany 43.8 44.3
8 Ukraine 33.6 35.3
9 Brazil 32.8 35.2
10 Turkey 29.0 34.1
Reff: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_steel_production

12. Top steel-producing companies 2011
Rank Company Tonnage*
1 ArcelorMittal 97.2
2 Hebei Group (1) 44.4
3 Baosteel Group 43.3
4 POSCO 39.1
5 Wuhan Group 37.7
6 Nippon Steel 33.4
7 Shagang Group 31.9
8 Shougang Group 30
9 JFE 29.9
10 Ansteel Group (2) 29.8
11 Shandong Group 24
12 Tata Steel (3) 23.8
13 United States Steel 22
14 Gerdau 20.5
15 Nucor (4) 19.9
Reff: http://www.worldsteel.org/statistics/top-producers.html

13. Iron and Steel Industry in India
Iron and Steel Industry in India is on an
upswing because of the strong global and
domestic demand.
India's rapid economic growth and soaring
demand by sectors like infrastructure, real
estate and automobiles, at home and abroad,
has put Indian steel industry on the global map.
According to the latest report by International
Iron and Steel Institute(IISI), India is the
seventh largest steel producer in the world.

15. Industry Structure
Indian Iron and steel Industry can be divided into two
main sectors Public sector and
Private sector.
Further on the basis of routes of production, the
Indian steel industry can be
divided into two types of producers.

16. Industry Structure
Cont…
Integrated producers
Those that convert iron ore into steel. There are three
major integrated steel players in India, namely Steel
Authority of India Limited (SAIL), Tata Iron and Steel
Company Limited (TISCO) and Rashtriya Ispat Nigam
Limited (RINL).
Secondary producers
These are the mini steel plants (MSPs), which make steel
by melting scrap or sponge iron or a mixture of the two.
Essar Steel, Ispat Industries and Lloyds steel are the
largest producers of steel through the secondary route.

17. History of Iron and Steel Industry in India
Iron and Steel industry in the country has
experienced a sustainable growth since the
independence of the country.
 1870 -A humble beginning of the modern steel
industry was reached in India at Kulti in West
Bengal.
1907 -The out set of bigger production starts only
with the establishment of a steel plant in
Jamshedpur in Bihar.
1912-It started production

18. History of Iron and Steel Industry in India
Cont…
After Independence that the steel industry was able to find a
strong foot hold in the country.
Excluding the Jamshedpur plant of the Tata’s, all are in the
public sector and looked after by Steel Authority of India
Ltd.(SAIL).

19. Challenges Facing Steel Industry
First one
The safety and health of people working in the steel
industry has been one of the top challenges for years.
Historically, steelmaking has been considered a
dangerous process and accidents were thought to be
inevitable.
The situation today remains that people are still being
killed in steel plants and these accidents are preventable

20. Second one
The business profitability which is moving
away from a tonnage mentality to even
sharper focus on value and value creation.
Sustainable steel contributing to a sustainable
world is about value creation, innovation and
using less volume of steel to achieve superior
performance.
Increase R&D expenditure.

21. Third one
To create a level playing field for competition around
the world.
There are still too many subsidies and state aid used
in the industry, which distort competition and there
are too many artificial barriers to competition
internationally.

22. Future Growth
Indian steel consumption is seen rising to about 130 million
tonnes in 2020 from about 67 million tonnes this year as
growing incomes and urbanisation drive demand.
India’s steel output is expected to rise to more than 150
million tonnes in 2020 from close to 70 million tonnes this
year and about 80 million tonnes in 2012
India’s total production of coated and galvanized steel
which is used in environments requiring corrosion
resistance is expected to rise to more than 6 million tonnes
in 2013 from 4.7 million tonnes this yea

23. Recommendations
Further liberalization towards tariff structure, full
convertibility of Indian currency, more equity
participation by foreign partners, rationalization of tax
structure etc. will be required
R&D focus is to be increased substantially.
Firms must do technological forecasting.
Resource utilization must be more effective to
improve on the productivity.
Investment in infrastructure is crucial to step up
demand for steel.

24. Questions?
Thank You