1. BLOOD
&
BLOOD
PRODUCTS

2. Whole
Blood
Red Blood Plasma
Cells
Platelets Fresh Frozen Cryoprecipitate
Leuko-reduced Plasma
RBC
Washed RBC
Derivatives
Irradiated RBC
Albumin
Immunoglobulin
Factors VIII & IX

3.  Compose of RBC, plasma, WBC, platelets
 Restores blood volume and oxygen carrying capacity
 Maximise use of WB: Preparation of specific blood
components and plasma derivatives
 Platelets not functional and clotting Factors V and VIII are
greatly reduced
Indication
 Extensive bleeding to replace the loss of both red cell mass
and plasma volume
 Massive transfusion: such as major trauma case, certain
surgical procedures

4. Cellular Components – Red Blood Cell Products
Platelets
Plasma Components – Fresh Frozen Plasma
Cryoprecipitate
Plasma Derivatives – Albumin
Immunoglobulin
Factors VIII, IX

5. Cellular Components – Red Blood Cell Products
Platelets
Plasma Components – Fresh Frozen Plasma
Cryoprecipitate
Plasma Derivatives – Albumin
Immunoglobulin
Factors VIII, IX

6.  Most plasma removed from whole blood
 Provide oxygen-carrying capacity without unnecessary volume
 Platelets removed
 Lack of clotting factors in RBC: 1 FFP given every 4 units
transfused. High volume transfusions result in decreased clotting
factors
Indication
 Anaemia
 Blood loss during surgery
 Thalassaemia

7.  Washed with sterile normal saline to remove most of the
plasma proteins, antibodies and platelets
 Not leukoreduced –some leukocytes removed but not enough
to prevent alloimmunization
 Shelf-life of 24hrs – preparation in an open system and most
of the anticoagulant-preservative solution removed.
Indication
 Patients with recurrent febrile reactions
 Urticarial reactions
 Anaphylactic reactions

8.  Prepared by filtration method: Reduce
leukocyte count to less than 5 x 106
Indication
 Prevent febrile nonhaemolytic transfusion
reactions due to donor leukocytes
 Decrease post-transfusion reactions due to HLA
alloimmunization
 Reduce transmission of CMV infections, since
CMV lives in WBCs

9.  Gamma irradiation inactivates donor lymphocytes
 Graft vs host disease (GVHD) is reduced in
immunocompromised or immunodeficient patients
Indications
 Prevention of post-transfusion GVHD eg bone
marrow transplant recipients

10. RAD-SURE indicators
show if a blood bag is
irradiated or not

11.  Anticoagulants - Prevent blood clotting
 Preservatives - Provide cells with nutrients during
storage; maintain red cell viability and function

12. CPDA-1
 Citrate – Anticoagulant (binds to calcium)
- Calcium essential component of clotting cascade
- Binding to calcium decreases clotting ability
 Phosphate – Maintain 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG)
levels in red cell
- 2,3-DPG essential for movement of oxygen from
RBCs to body tissues
 Dextrose – Sugar substrate needed to generate ATP
 Adenine – Synthesis of ATP allowing longer shelf life of 35
days

13. SAGM – Sodium chloride, Adenine, Glucose and Mannitol
 Nutrition source for red cells
 Supports integrity of red cell membrane to reduce haemolysis
 Maintain high ATP levels in RBCs
 Extending shelf life from 35 to 42 days
 Lowers viscosity = faster transfusion

14.  Compose of platelets, WBC and plasma
 Aid in clotting
 Viable for 5 days
 Maintained at 20-24°C with constant agitation
 Cold temperatures and lack of agitation decrease the viability of
the platelets
Indications
 Massive bleeding or undergoing invasive
surgery
 Platelet dysfunction
 Thrombocytopenia - ↓ platelet count

15. Cellular Components – Red Blood Cell Products
Platelets
Plasma Components – Fresh Frozen Plasma
Cryoprecipitate
Plasma Derivatives – Albumin
Immunoglobulin
Factors VIII, IX

16.  Plasma
 Contains all coagulation factors including
labile Factors V and VIII
 No platelets and RBCs
 Stored at -30°C for up to 12 months
Indications
 Treat bleeding due to coagulation factor
deficiencies eg. massive transfusion
 Plasma exchange – Treatment of TTP
(Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura )
patient’s plasma is replaced by donor plasma

17.  Fibrinogen
 Factors VIII and XIII
 von Willebrand’s factor
 Prepared by freezing plasma at -70°C followed by thawing at
4°C. Once thawed, the precipitate that forms is centrifuged to
sediment the cryoprecipitate
Indications
 Fibrinogen deficiency
 Treatment of hemophilia A (Factor VIII deficiency)
 von Willebrand’s disease
 Massive haemorrhage

18. Cellular Components – Red Blood Cell Products
Platelets
Plasma Components – Fresh Frozen Plasma
Cryoprecipitate
Plasma Derivatives – Albumin
Immunoglobulin
Factors VIII, IX

19.  Prepared by fractionation of plasma
 No coagulation factors or blood group antibodies
 5% and 20% albumin solutions
Indications
 Hypovolaemia – decrease in blood plasma due to burns, bleeding.
Eg. Severe burns, act as volume expansion by replacing protein
loss from burn site
 Hypoalbuminaemia - Liver failure

20.  Compose of IgG antibodies – used in
replacement IgG therapy
 Maintain adequate antibody levels to
prevent infections and confers passive
immunity
Indications
 Treatment of hypoglobulinaemia (reduced
gamma globulins) or agammaglobulinaemia
(absent)
 Autoimune diseases such as immune
thrombocytopenia

21.  Prepared from fractionation of plasma that contains Factor
VIII
 Product treated to reduce risk of viral transmission
Indication
Control bleeding in haemophilia A patients with:
 congenital Factor VIII deficiency
 acquired Factor VIII deficiency
 Factor VIII inhibitors

22.  Compose of: Factors II, VII, IX and X.
 Factor IX makes up 5% of this product
Indication
 Hemophilia B( Factor IX deficiency)
 Congenital Factor VII or X deficiency
 Factor IX inhibitors

23. Granulocyte concentrate
 Composed of: granulocytes, RBCs,
WBCs, plasma, platelets
 Shelf-life 24hrs at 20-24°C
Indication
 Severe neutropenia with severe bacterial
or fungal infections
 Fever unresponsive to antibiotic therapy

24. Rh Immune Globulin (RhIg)
 Protect Rh-negative mother who is
pregnant with Rh-positive infant
 Usually given in pregnancy and
immediately after birth
Indication
 Prevention of Rh(D) HDN

25. AND MORE!!!
Antithrombin III
Alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor
Fibrinogen
Thrombin
Protein C
(Too many to list)

26. Types of blood donation:
 Whole blood donation
 Apheresis donation: Plasma or platelet donation
Advantage of apheresis donation
 Donations can be made every month (whole blood
donations - 3mths)
 Allows larger amount of platelets to be collected from a
single donor compared to whole blood donations
 Minimise patient’s exposure from multiple donors’ blood