Rhabdoviridae is a family of viruses that includes over 150 members, with rabies virus being the most important human pathogen. Rabies virus has a bullet-shaped structure with a linear, negative-sense single stranded RNA genome encapsulated by a nucleoprotein and surrounded by a lipid envelope containing glycoprotein spikes. Rabies virus is typically transmitted through the bite or scratch of an infected animal and causes fatal neurological disease in humans. While treatment after symptoms is ineffective, vaccination can prevent disease if administered promptly after exposure.