The document discusses how to effectively enact change when it is difficult. It explains that our minds have both an emotional "elephant" side and rational "rider" side that must be addressed. The key steps are to direct the rational rider by making goals concrete, motivate the emotional elephant through feelings and confidence, and shape the environment to make desired behaviors easier. Small, achievable changes can build momentum for larger transformations through habits, checklists, triggers and rallying social support. Lasting change is a process that requires persistence over time.

1. SWITCH
How to change things
when change is hard
Bruno Lui

2. Read the book!

3. The brain sides
nal side Emotio
R atio nal side

4. The Elephant
Represents our emotional side
• Lazy
• Short-term rewards
• Instant gratification

5. The Rider
Represents our
rational side
• Persistent
• Long-term rewards
• Think beyond the moment

6. Change problems
• Kinds of change that need short-term sacrifices for
long-term payoffs (Elephant’s fault)
• When rider and elephant disagree about which way to
move
• Uncertain decisions prevents you to change the actual
behavior

7. Surprises about change
• What looks like a people problem is often
a situation problem.
• What looks like laziness is often
exhaustion.
• What looks like resistance is often a lack
of clarity.

8. Steps to make the change
• Direct the rider
• Motivate the elephant
• Shape the path

9. Direct the rider
Any successful change requires a translation of
ambiguous goals into concrete behaviors.

10. Direct the rider
Decision paralysis
More options, even the good ones, can freeze us and
make us retreat to the default plan.
“When we face more and more options,
we become overloaded.
Choice no longer liberates, it debilitates.”

11. Direct the rider
Ambiguity
Changes brings new choices that create uncertainty.
“It’s not only options that yield decision paralysis, ambiguity does too”
Ambiguity is exhausting to the rider.
He’s trying to direct the elephant
down the new path. But when the
road is uncertain, the elephant will
insist on taking the most familiar path
(returning the default path).

12. Direct the rider
Find the bright spots
Find what is already working and try to replicate it.
How can we do more of this?
How can we tell other people to continue doing this?

13. Direct the rider
Give the direction, both a start
and a finish
When you describe the de stination, you’re helping to correct
one of the Rider’s great wea knesses.The tendency to get
lost in analysis.

14. Direct the rider
“We have to script the critical moves”
The rider needs a script that explains h
ow to act.
Something that make sense and avoid
paralyzing him.

15. Motivate the elephant
“Knowledge does not change behavior”
“It’s emotion that motivates the elephant”

16. Motivate the elephant
A research shows that change is difficult because people are
reluctant to change the successful habits of the past.
People just proceed on the easiest path.
Sometimes we think people act only in response to bribes
and punishments.

17. Motivate the elephant
But it becomes absurd if are going to break out
this attitude for every change you want to make
in your workplace.

18. Motivate the elephant
Our brain and our abilities are like muscles, they can be
strengthened with practice. We’re not born a professional,
we must learn things.
And our inspiration to
change ourselves comes
from creativity, flexibility
and ingenuity.

19. Motivate the elephant
People find it more motivating to be partly finished with a longer
journey than to be at the starting gate of a shorter one
“One way to motivate
action, is to make people
feel as though they’re
already closer to the finish
line than they might have
thought”

20. Motivate the elephant
If you are leading with a big task, try to break it into small
tasks. Small actions can make big changes.
“Small targets lead to
small victories, and small
victor ies can often
trigger a positive spiral
of behavior”

21. Motivate the elephant
The elephant needs motivation, and that motivation
comes from feeling and confidence.
The elephant has to believe that it’s capable of
conquering the change.

22. Shape the path
It isn’t the people who change, it is the situation.
Simple tweaks of the path can lead to dramatic changes in behavior.

23. Shape the path
Tweak the environment
Tweaking the environment is about making the right behaviors
a little bit easier and the bad behaviors a little bit harder.
“Simple tweaks of the path
can lead to dramatic changes
in behavior”

24. Shape the path
“Behavior is contagious”
Our habits allow a lot of good behaviors happen without
the rider taking charge. The habits turn our behavior to
something natural.

25. Shape the path
Build habits
How can we create a habit that supports the change you’re
trying to make?
1- The habits needs to be relatively easy to embrace
2- And needs to advance the mission.

26. Shape the path
Checklists
Checklists educate people about what’s best, showing
them the right way to do something.
“Checklists are effective at
directing the rider”

27. Shape the path
Action triggers
They’re mental plans. Decisions you make to execute a
certain action when you encounter a certain
situational trigger.
“Tomorrow morning after I drop Anna
at school, I’ll go to the gym”

28. Shape the path
Rally the Herd
In change and unfamiliar situations, we are not totally sure
how to behave. What do we do?
We watch other people.

29. Shape the path
Rally the Herd
Following the herd can either guarantee a change effort
or doom it.
You can rally the support of others who in turn could
influence those you hope to change.
It’s an attempt to change the culture, and the culture
often is the key of successful organizational change.

30. Keep the switch going
“A long journey starts with a single step”... But a single step doesn’t
guarantee the long journey.
“Change is not an event, it is a process.
And to lead a process requires persistence”
“Small changes can snowball to big changes”

31. Images
http://www.clker.com/cliparts/0/6/Y/u/U/M/spot-light-md.png
http://www.photographyblogger.net/19-ni!y-car-side-view-mirror-pictures/
http://piffventures.wordpress.com/2012/07/14/lilayi-elephant-orphanage/
http://www.recognizethisblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/4301015thisway.jpg
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SIGA3KGDsbc/UIDe_AKKbLI/AAAAAAAAAxI/I9hQK2MlJLE/s1600/
children_punishment_20100705.jpg
http://www.stoegerindustries.com/firearms/images/largeCalloutCoachSingleTriggers.jpg
http://sd.keepcalm-o-matic.co.uk/i/keep-calm-and-keep-going-40.png
http://watermarked.cutcaster.com/cutcaster-photo-100246470-Stone-in-the-shoe.jpg
http://fc06.deviantart.net/fs19/f/2007/262/4/1/Environment_Project_01_by_moure.jpg
http://oiel.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/start_your_journey.jpg
http://c481901.r1.cf2.rackcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/victory.jpg
http://www.publicspeakinginternational.com/Portals/124879/images/confidence%201.gif

32. Thanks!
Bruno Lui
@bruno_lui