1. PHACOEMULSIFICATION

2. INTRODUCTION
It was introduced by Charles Kelman in 1967.
Small Incision which in turn reduces
• Healing time
• No of sutures
• Postoperative astigmatism
• Hemorrhagic complications
Conservation of posterior chamber, avoiding retinal detachment, maintaining
vitreous.
Complete aspiration of cortex.
Easy implantation of IOL.

3. PRINCIPLES OF
PHACOEMULSIFICATION
¤Hardness of the nucleus.
¤Red reflex of the fundus.
¤Corneal transparency.
¤Trophism of iris.
¤Chamber depth.
¤Pathologies.

4. ANESTHESIA
 General Anesthesia
 Local Anesthesia
 Topical Anesthesia

5. FLUID DYNAMICS OF PHACO
►Bottle with irrigation liquid
►An irrigation tube
►The eyeball
►An aspiration tube
►An aspiration pump

6. IRRIGATION/ASPIRATION
 Irrigation depends on the height of the bottle and thus gravitational
force.
 Aspiration depends on the type of the pump
 Peristaltic.
 Venturi
 Diaphragm.

7. PERISTALTIC PUMP

8. VENTURI PUMP

9. MEMBRANE OR DIAPHRAGM PUMP

10. PARTS OF PHACOEMULSIFIER
Machine body
Connection system
Handle
•Ultrasonic probe
•I/A hand piece
•Diathermy hand piece

11. STEPS FOR PHACOEMULSIFICATION
Incision
 Limbal
 Easy to perform,
 Need sutures.
 Scleral(3.5-7mm)
 Corneal (2.8-4mm)
(4.5-6.5)

12. CAPSULOTOMY
It is the process of making the incisions around the anterior capsule of
the lens.
 Can opener.
 Christmas tree.
 Postage stamp.
 Envelope.
 Capsulorhexis.

13. CAPSULORHEXIS

14. HYDRODELINEATION
It is used to separate
epinucleus and nucleus.

15. HYDRODISSECTION
It is used to separate
capsulse and cortex ,
Cortex and epi nucleus.

16. EMULSIFICATION OF CORTEX &
NUCLEUS

17. DIVIDE AND CONQUER
Nucleus is separated into 4
pieces.
Each pieces are emulsified
separately.
Easy to do but need lots of
ultrasonic power.

18. STOP AND CHOP
Formation of groove.
Nucleus is break into two halves.
Easy to do.
Less ultrasonic power.
Need two hands.

19. IRRIGATION/ASPIRATION
The amount of irrigation flow depends on:
Diameter of the irrigating tube
Diameter of the connections
Size of the orifices in the tip
Height of the irrigating bottle
The aspiration depends on:
Diameter of the tube and orifices
Level of vacuum set on the machine
Type of pump used.

20. INTRAOCULAR LENS
Biocompatible as not to trigger any
inflammatory response.
Chemically and physically stable on the
long run.
Light weighted.
Made of PMMA.