Strong intermolecular interaction

Very low vapor pressures

Easy to recycle due to phase separation

Can be modified for specific properties by changing cation or anion combination

Low vapor pressure solvent: Easily contained & recovered

Excellent solvent for dissolution of cellulose in monohydrate form

Environmentally friendly UN award for green process

Initial reaction rates are higher in cellulose suspended and AA buffered solutions

Higher cellulose loadings could not be prepared in batch method mixing

Higher cellulose solutions produced a gelatin-like formation  Poor mixing

The enzyme active site extends over 3 glucose monomer links

This allows for multiple breaks per a single absorption

Long duration increases equipment cost

Also occurred in extruder

One order of magnitude increase in hydroxide ion concentrations

According to Genencor, the recommended pH range for AcceleraseTM 1000 is 4.8 to 5.2.

Sometime between 12 and 24 hours, high pH may cause inactivation of the enzymes

Some inhibition occurs

May be due to an increase in ion release during the reaction causing enzyme deactivation earlier

If only the substrate inhibited enzyme activity

Particulate matter was seen settling on the base of the sample vial in higher Cellulose Loading samples

Reducing sugar yield does not plateau

High reducing sugar yields produced