1. Simulation of Language Acquisition Walter Daelemans (CNTS, University of Antwerp) [email_address] http://www.cnts.ua.ac.be/~walter EMLAR 2005 Utrecht

6. Output Input Performance Component R i R k R l R j Learning Component Search Experience BIAS

7. Generalisation  Abstraction + abstraction - abstraction + generalisation - generalisation Rule Induction Connectionism Statistics Handcrafting Table Lookup Memory-Based Learning … (Fill in your most hated linguist here)

8. Nativism  Rule-Based nativist empiricist + rule-based - rule-based Innate mental rules Rule Induction Connectionism Statistics Memory-Based Learning Hard-wired neural networks Innate probabilities? Innate exemplars?

16. -etje -kje Coda last syl Nucleus last syl Rule Induction

17. ? -etje -kje Coda last syl Nucleus last syl MBL

23. Case Study Exemplar-based acquisition of Dutch Stress (Durieux / Gillis / Daelemans)

24. This “rule of nearest neighbor” has considerable elementary intuitive appeal and probably corresponds to practice in many situations. For example, it is possible that much medical diagnosis is influenced by the doctor's recollection of the subsequent history of an earlier patient whose symptoms resemble in some way those of the current patient. (Fix and Hodges, 1952, p.43) MBL: Use memory traces of experiences as a basis for analogical reasoning, rather than using rules or other abstractions extracted from experience and replacing the experiences.

31. Entropy & IG: Formulas

38.    1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 UG-stress Grammar and Assignment rules word PLD Cue-based Learning

39. Parameters (with setting for Dutch) Feet are / aren’t assigned iteratively P10 Weak foot looses / doesn’t loose foot status in a clash P9 Left / Right -most syllable is extra-metrical P8 There isn’t / is an extra-metrical syllable P8A Strong node in foot must / mustn’t branch P7 Feet are quantity-sensitive w.r.t. rime / nucleus P6 Feet are / are not quantity-sensitive P5 Feet right/ left -dominant P4 Feet assigned from the left/ right edge P3 Binary/ unbound feet P2 Word tree right /left dominant P1 Value Parameter

41. Syllable-structure representations Retrieval or Similarity-based reasoning on exemplars word PLD Storage Stress pattern

43. MBLP vs. Youpie 81% 176 YOUPIE-languages 41% 89 MBLP-languages 95% 11.88 YOUPIE-syllables 97% 3.7 MBLP-syllables 90% 28.24 105 YOUPIE-words 89% 15.01 104 MBLP-words Accuracy Sd Score System and level

47. Results

49. Error Percentages

54. Results

55. Results

59. Simulation with TiMBL Demonstration: German plural