5. Polygamy between species Crude index is ratio of variability in reproductive success among males, divided by same # for females
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7. Features of polygamy Aggression, senescence Shorter life spans Reach sexual maturity later Males bigger with weapons Risk takers
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11. Masculinity changes More individuality less conformity ( less clan ) Waning initiation rites = scarification, circumcision,fraternities, proving male “worth” Less male bonding institutions Physical prowess and courage less important