1. +

2. +
Preview of Chapter
 What is a fallacy?
 Typesof Fallacies: Logical, Ethos and
Pathos.
 What are Logical Fallacies?
 What are Ethos?
 What are Pathos
 How
are fallacies used in the process of
communication?

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WHAT IS A FALLACY?
A Fallacy is a deceptive, misleading, or
false notion, belief, etc.:
“The world was flat” was at one time a
popular fallacy.

4. +
Logical Fallacies
 Begging the Question
A Red Herring
 Non sequitur
 Straw Man.
 Stacked Evidence.
 Either-Or
 Post Hoc
 Hasty Generalization

5. +
Logical Fallacies
 Begging the Question:
 demonstrates a conclusion by means of premises that assume
that conclusion.
Ex. Aspirin users are at risk of becoming dependent on the drug, because
aspirin is an addictive substance
 A Red Herring:
 provides irrelevant and misleading support that pulls the
audience away from the real argument
Ex. We admit that gay marriage is an unchangeable tendency, but this issue
is ridiculous.
 Non Sequitur:
 incorrectly assumes one thing is the cause of another
Ex. I hear the rain falling; therefore, there’s no game.

6. + Logical Fallacies
 Straw Man:
 when an individual ignores the other’s position and replaces
it with distorted arguments in order to misrepresent the
opponent’s position.
Ex. Have you stopped beating your kids?
 Stacked Evidence:
 represents only one side of an issue, therefore distorting the
argument.
Ex. Dogs are superior than cats because they are smarter and loyal.
 Either-Or:
 reduce complicated issues to only two possible courses of
action.
Ex. Barack Obama either creates an immigration reform or he say goodbye
to the Latino vote.

7. + Logical Fallacies
 Faulty Casualty: (Post Hoc)
 Talking about an event or situation to create confusion that it
caused the point of argument.
Ex. After the Red Sox fired Bobby Valentine, they never won another
World Series.
 Hasty Generalization:
 drawing conclusions from very little or not enough
evidence.
Ex. I wouldn’t go to a Yankees’ game, the only time I went there people
were rude to me.

8. +
How are fallacies used in the
communication process?
 Not rhetorically intended to appeal to reason but rather to
emotion, or to create more sensitive disposition.
 Fallacies are used to win arguments.

9. +
What we learned…
 We learned the definition of fallacies
 We identified the different logical fallacies
 Begging the Question
 A Red Herring
 Non sequitur
 Straw Man.
 Stacked Evidence.
 Either-Or
 Faulty Casualty
 Hasty Generalization
 We stated the function of fallacies in the process of
communication.