rizal's moral legacies

1. Jose Rizal's
Preparation
As a Great Leader

2. Preparation for Leadership is through Study
• In 1872 to 1877- he spent more
time reading books to improve his
knowledge for the new ideas.
• Rizal interested in the history of the
world because he usually
compares his country to other
nations.
• He is interested in philosophy and
natural sciences.

3. Rizal is active in religious organization
• MARCIAN
CONGREGATION- he is a
member
• APOSTOLIC OF PRAYER-
He is the secretary.

4. Rizal is talented.
• Aside from literary, Rizal is
also good in painting and
art.
• March 23, 1877- he finished
4th and 5th year in painting at
Ateneo.
• In high school, he received
“En Artes”, a certificate
with an excellent remark.

5. Rizal studied medical course
• Jose Rizal finished his medical course in the
University of Santo Tomas.
• 17 years of age- he successfully passed the
Licensure examination for medicine but failed to
claim his license because he was under age.
• November 25, 1881- he was able to get his license
• Then, he decided to complete(Doctorate) his
studies in Spain due to the radical prejudice
of Dominican Professors against Filipino Students

6. • On November 3, 1882, Rizal enrolled in
Universidad Central de Madrid(Central
University of Madrid) in two courses –
• Medical and
• Philosophy and Letters.
in Madrid

7. • Rizal completed his medical course in Spain in
June 21, 1884.
• Due to not presenting the thesis required and
corresponding fees, he was not awarded his
Doctor’s diploma.
• Rizal also finished his studies in Philosophy
and Letter.
• He was awarded the degree of Licentiate in
Philosophy and Letters on June 19, 1885, with
rating of Excellent.
Studies Completed in Spain

8. Three Period of Active Leadership Participation

9. Rizal Poses a Challenge to the Filipino Students
• Circulo-Hispano- Filipino (Spanish-Filipino Club)
–an organization of young Filipino students including
Rizal, in Madrid formed but not well oriented
because the members were not united.
“ We have a lot of intelligent and brilliant students among
Filipinos but we lack unity.” Rizal said.

10. Two major problems of the Organization
• Lack of unity among the members
• Lack of availability of Funds

11. Rizal requests Spain to introduce Reform
• June 25, 1884
– -In his speech during the bequeathal, Juan Luna
and Felix Resurrection Hidalgo, he deplored the
move of some Spanish officials in the Philippines
who would destroy the future of our generations.
– Rizal ended his speech with the plea that Spain
should introduce the idea of reform and plan for
the good of the Filipino people.

12. • Banquet on June 25, 1884, Rizal salute to
Luna and Hidalgo’s victory on the National
Exposition of Fine Arts in Madrid.
• Luna’s Spoliarium winning first prize and
Hidalgo’s Christian Virgins Exposed to
the Populance, second prize
Rizal’s Salute to Luna and Hidalgo

13. Luna’s
Spoliarium
Hidalgo’s Christian
Virgins Exposed to
the Populance

14. Rizal Returns Home
• His travel to several countries of Europe in the next
two years following his graduation in Madrid was
part of his preparation.
• The tour was part of his leadership training.
• He was fluent in as many languages.

15. • Some of the languages which Rizal
speaks:
–Spanish
–Catalan
–Latin
–Italian
–Hebrew
–Arabic
–France

16. • Through the help of his good friend, Dr. Ferdinand
Blumentritt, he became acquainted with several
famous German scholars:
• Dr. Adolph Meyer
– The curato of Dresden museum
• Dr. Friedrich Jagor
– He visited Philippines in 1859-1860
– The author of “Raisen in den Philippines”

17. • Dr. Wilhelm Joest
– The noted professor in geography in Berlin, Germany
• William Reiss
– Former president of German scientific society
• Dr. Rudolph Virchow
– Worldwide famous cellular pathologist, anthropologist,
and a German political leader

18. • Rizal came back home to initiate some possible
changes and was so anxious to apply some things
he had observed in the countries he had visited.
• Rizal’s stay in Calamba for six months would be a
chance for him to help his countrymen in
agriculture, which was owned by the Dominicans.

19. Rizal leaves the Philippines for the second
time

20. • February 3, 1888 - Rizal left
his country for the second time
to give peace of mind to his
friends who were worried of
his action against the Spanish
government.
• Suehiro Tetcho
–Rizal’s Japanese friend who
left Hongkong because he
didn’t like his government.

21. A Public Demonstration is Another
Eye-Opener
• Dorato Cortes – he was a law
practitioner led the public demonstration
during Rizal’s movement and took in
Manila on March 1, 1888.
• A petition signed by hundreds of Filipino
was brought to Jose Centeno
(governor of Manila) for the Queen of
Spain
• The petitioners asked for the removal of
Fr. Pedro Payo (archbishop of manila)
and expulsion of the Spanish Friars.

22. Rizal Shows Intellectual Leadership

23. • Rizal stayed in London from May 24,
1888 to the 2nd week of March 1889.
• He spent time in doing researches on
Philippine history in the British
Museum
• He was able to scan the book,
“Sucesos de Isles Filipinas” of Dr.
Antonio de Morga

24. Rizal Becomes Interested in the study of
Colonies
• Rizal aimed to spread the truth of his
country under the control of the colonies.
• According to the young,
Fernando Canon (Classmate of
Rizal), he even made flying visits to
Holland to buy books in East Asia.

25. Rizal Becomes a Prolific Writer
• Rizal was a prolific writer because of his articles
written in the Philippines against the colony that
seeks for reforms.
• His principles and ideas were based on justice and
reason.
• In Paris, there are lot of Filipinos because of the
exposition.

26. INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION
IN PARIS (1889)

27. • Rizal initiated the organization:
• Kidlat Club
–The purpose was to make the Filipinos know
each other during the Paris Exposition
• Indios Bravos
–Aimed to defend the honor of the Filipinos and
exclusive RD.LM. Redemption of Malay Race

30. Rizal’s Leadership is Unique
• Rizal was writing to Blumentritt about the project of
North Borneo.
• He wrote his old friend that he would not be a
planter but the leader’s planter.
• Thought:
– “I shall not be a planter but the leader of the planters
who are thinking of emigrating there with
me”…………………

31. Rizal and the “La
Solidaridad”

32. • Rizal as a leader will not kill “La
Solidaridad”.
• Again, Rizal showed his great
dedication to his country when he
told his friends that the interest of
his countrymen is behind his
interest.

33. • October 1891
 The propaganda committee in Manila passed a
resolution expressing their confidence in Rizal’s
leadership and patriotism and offering the editor in chief
position of new periodical.
• Rizal Party
– A party constituted by the board of directors to bring
about the struggle of the Philippines for her rights and
freedom.

34. La Solidaridad
La Solidaridad was the organ of the patriotic society
established by the Filipino expatriates in Barcelona
Spain.
• was founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena, its first
editor.
• first issue appeared in Barcelona, Spain
(February 15, 1889). Moved to Madrid in
November, 1889. The next editor became
Marcelo H. del Pilar. It ended for lack of funds
on November 15, 1895.

36.  Aims of La Solidaridad:
1. To work peacefully for political and social reforms.
2. To portray the sad condition of the country so that
Spain could remedy them.
3. To champion the legitimate aspirations of the
Filipino for life, democracy and happiness.

37.  The contributors used pen-named in their articles
published in La Solidaridad.
Marcelo del Pilar...........Plaridel
Jose Rizal......................Laong Laan/Dimasalang
Mariano Ponce.............Kalipulako/Tigbalang
Antonio Luna................Taga-Ilog
Jose Panganiban...........Jomapa

38. Rizal and the
“La Liga Filipina”

39. • Rizal as practical leader
conceives La Liga Filipina.
• The constitution of the La
Liga Filipina was drafted in
cooperation with his friend,
Jose Ma. Basa.

40. La Liga Filipina was a civic society
founded by Rizal with the following aims:
1. The unification of the whole archipelago
into a vigorous , compact body.
2. Mutual protection in every want and
necessity.
3. Mutual defense against all forms of
violence
4. Promotes education, agriculture and
commerce.

41. • La Liga Filipina was composed of three
levels:
– Popular
– Provincial
– Supreme Council
• Each levels was composed of:
– Chief
– Fiscal
– Treasurer
– Secretary
– Members

42. The members were entitled to:
1. Moral, material and financial aids
2. Engage in business or profession
in favor
3. Full assistance for La Liga Filipina
4. Full assistance in business funds

43. The funds of La Liga Filipina
could back up the following
projects:
1. To support the members of his
son who had no financial
support for studies;
2. To support poor to protect their
rights;
3. To lend money for the member
of agriculture;
4. To introduce the machinery; and
5. To open stores of low price to
provide the needs of the
members

44. La Liga Filipina failed when Rizal was
arrested and was exiled to Dapitan
ordered by Governor-general Despujol.
La Liga split into two:
 The rightist wing came to be known as
Cuerpos de Compromisarios.
 The leftist wing came to be called as the
Katipunan

45. Blumentritt predicts the Triumph of Rizal’s
Leadership

46. • Rizal’s maltreatment was a great surprise to
the Filipino people and a great shock to his
European Friends.
• Rizal exiled in Dapitan.
• Blumentritt assured Rizal that his novels’
ideas would be a triumph.
• Now and then, Blumentritt looked at the three
statues sent by Rizal to him.

47. The three statues:
• Triumph of Science Over Death
• Prometheus Bound
• Triumph of Death Over Life

48. • July 7, 1892
– Gov. Gen. Despujol published a decree of baseless
accusation on Rizal’s exile to Dapitan but it is just
an untrue statement charged against him.
– To wit:
1. Publication and introduction of various
books;
2. Traveling through different provinces
after securing permission from the
Gov.Gen. Pardon;
3. Finding in his luggage the sheaf of his
leaflets entitled “Pobress Frailes”;
4. Dedication for El Filibusterismo to
GomBurZa whom Rizal exalted as
martyrs
5. Rizal’s attempt to De-cathilocize or de-

49. • Rizal was detained in Fort Santiago from
July 7-14, 1892 and left for Dapitan for a
truthful life for 4 years.
• His deportation naturally shows interest to
his countrymen and strong faith in God.

50. Rizal exiles in Dapitan
• Rizal practices community leadership in Dapitan.
• In his 4 years staying in Dapitan, Rizal proved and
demonstrated as a passion thinker by means of
actions to show the interest to serve his countrymen
with his limited resources.

51. • Rizal as a farmer
– He was able to form an association of the farmers to
improve their production and obtain better and more
market to collect funds to buy their products.
• Rizal as a physician
– He happened to be a town physician without any pay for
his professional fee but he freely offers service for his
community and commitment as a leader.
– Here, he operated his mother's right eye.
– The operation was successful but Dona
Teodora ignored her son's instructions by removing
the bandages from her eyes, hereby causing the
wound to be infected.

52. • Rizal as a teacher
– His exile in Dapitan gave him the opportunity to put into
practice his educational ideas. I
– n 1893, he established a school which existed until the
end of his exile in July 1896.
– Rizal taught reading, writing, languages (Spanish and
English), geography, history, mathematics arithmetic
and geometry), industrial work, nature study, morals
and gymnastics.
– He trained them how to collect specimens
of plants and animals, to love work, and to "behave
like men".

53. Rizal’s life in Dapitan
• In several letters to
Blumentritt, Rizal told him
about his life in Dapitan:

54. 1. I am very far from the civilization where
everything is discussed, everything is placed in
doubt and nothing is accepting without
previous examination
2. I am very fatalistic like an oriental that I am,
believe that the present evil can gather much
good flowers that will grow in the future in
putrid.

55. 3. My life is now quiet, peaceful, retired and without
glory, but I think it is useful too.
4. My exile has lasted so long that I am beginning
to lose hope of ever seeing myself free again
someday.
5. If teaching were free here, it is very probable
that many good teachers from Spain and other
countries would come.
6. My spirit will always be free.

57. • November 3, 1896,
Rizal was detained in
Fort Santiago for the
second time around.
• He formed the
accusation by means of
forming secret societies
that secretly assisted
the revolution
Rizal’s Death is the growing of glory of his
leadership

58. • Rizal was accused of three crimes:
1. Rebellion
2. Sedition
3. Illegal Association
• Penalty
1. Rebellion and Sedition- was from life
imprisonment to death.
2. Illegal Association- was correctional
imprisonment and a fine of 325 to
3,250 pesetas.

59. • Lt. Col. Togores Arjona – considered
the trial over and ordered the hall
cleared.
Gen. Camilo G. De Polavieja
–Approved and Signs Rizal’s Execution

60. Upon hearing the court's decision, Rizal already
knew that there's no way that his destiny would be
changed – Rizal knew it was his end, and had
accepted his fate.
6 o'clock in the morning of December 29, 1896

63. •Jose Rizal died at exactly
7:03 in the morning of
December 30,1896

65. • Before he died, Rizal was able to bequeath his
last thought to his people in a beautiful
poem, Me Ultimo Adios (My Last Farewell),
written on December 29, 1896.
• A most touching poem, with exquisite finesse
and sublime feeling, it is a worthy swan-song
of a great soul.

66. • Rizal was secretly buried in
Paco Cemetery in Manila with
no identification on his grave.
Assuming this could be the
most likely spot, there never
having any ground burials, she
made a gift to the caretaker to
mark the site "RPJ", Rizal's
initials in reverse.