Materiales de Geografía y Historia bilingüe de 1º ESO

1. UNIT 10 – ANCIENT GREECE
1- What was the origin of Greek civilization?
2- How did early Greece develop?
3- Why were Athens and Sparta important?
4- Who was Alexander the Great?
5- What was Greek society like?
6- What were Grek economic activities?
7- What were Greek architecture and sculpture?

2. EARLY GREECE
South of the Balkan
P.
Eastern
Meditarranean
1- Mountains divide the
territory into small
valleys.
Ancient Greece was
never a unified country.
2- Greek lands were not
very productive.
They obtained their
food from the sea.
They looked for new lands abroad: Greek expansion and
colonization (page 113)
Location
Geographical
features

3. Main Greek city-states.
City-state (Polis): It was a
city with its own
government, laws, army
and way of life. They
appeared during the
Archaic Age.

4. Greek territories 8th C.
Territories with Greek influence
and Greek colonies
Greek colonies
Polis
Greek
expansion
Causes Increase of the population
No productive land
Migration and
colonies foundation
Eastern
Iberian P.
Southern
France
Sicily Southern
Italy
Coast of
the Ionian
Sea
Coast of the
Black Sea

5. 1- EL NACIMIENTO DEL MUNDO GRIEGO
Los micénicos o aqueos fueron los primeros griegos que posteriormente fueron desplazados por
los dorios.
1.3 LOS
PRIMEROS
GRIEGOS

7. During the 6th c. BC the Persians expanded their territories and conquered the Greek Poleis in Asia
Minor.
The Persian EmpirePersian
wars
Greek Poleis

8. First Persian War ended in 490 BC
when the greeks won the battle of
Marathon.
In the Second Persian War Athens is destroyed (480 BC) but the
Persians were defeated at the battle of Salamis.
Persian
wars

9. According to Herodotus, the 192 fallen Athenians are
buried under this tumulus located on the plain the battle
took place..
The Battle of MArathon
According to legend, an Athenian messenger was sent from Marathon
to Athens, a distance of about 25 miles (40 km), and there he
announced the Persian defeat before dying of exhaustion. This tale
became the basis for the modern marathon race.
Miltiades, Greek general, ordered a general attack upon the
Persian infantry. 6400 Persians died under this attack.

10. The
Peloponesian
Wars
Sparta and other poleis saw the dominion of Athens as a threat
The war started between Athens and its allies; and Sparta and its
allies in 431 BC.
The war ended in 404 with the Spartan victory and became the most
powerfull polis.

11. Macedonia was a kingdom in the north of Greece.
Philip II of Macedonia conquered the Greek
poleis due to their weakness.
Philip was assassinated and Alexander succeeded
him.
AristotlePhilip II
Alexander the Great
and Hellenism

12. Alexander the Great
and Hellenism
Alexander conquered the Persian Empire between
334 and 323 BC and reached the Indus river.
Alexander’s goal was to build an empire by mixing Greek and Oriental
culture.
Alexander the Great is one of the biggest
conquerers in Human history.

13. HELLENISTIC MONARCHIES
When Alexander died, his generals divided up the territory
and founded different kingdoms.

14. Greek society
Highly unequal
society
Citizens Non Citizens
Foreigners: free, paid taxes, worked in
trade and crafts
Slaves: No free, POW, agriculture
Women: No rights, under the rule of a
man
Took part in politics
Paid taxes
Enjoyed rights
Describe the society of Athens.

15. Greek society
x
x x
x
x x
x
x
x
x
at

16. Economic activities
Long
distance
trade
Local
commerce
CRafts Agriculture
Imported food, wood
and cooper.
Exported Greek
products
Small shos
in Greek
cities.
Land was poor
Wine, wheat and
olives.
Which were the main economic activities?

17. Architecture: temples
Temples were the most important buildings the
Greeks constructed.
Built in white marble and
painted in different colours
Rectangular in shape.
Plan of a greek temple

18. The three orders in Greek art
Architecs followed stricted rules called orders to show
proportion, beauty and harmony.
The three orders were:
Doric Ionic Corinthian
You have to focus on the capital to find the
most important differences.

19. The three orders in Greek art

20. LOS ÓRDENES ARQUITECTÓNICOS
To which order belong the temples below? To which order belong the capitals below??

21. Sculpture: the Archaic period
Static and rigid figures.
Inspired by the Egiptians
KORE KUROS

22. Sculpture: classical period
Aphrodite (goddess of
love(Praxíteles)
Charioteer of Delphi (unknow
artist)
Hermes by Polícleto
Discobolus by Myron
Sculptures became realistic and show
movement (less static and rigid).

23. LA ESCULTURA EN LA ÉPOCA HELENÍSTICA
Galo moribundo (3rd c BC)
Laocoon and his sons (1st c. AD)
In Hellenistic Age sculpture reached the higgest point in
realism and dramatisation by showing feelings through the
statues.

24. The
PArthenon
Built in the 5th c. after the 2nd Persian
War by Ictinus and Callicrates under
Phidias’ supervision
Built on the Acropolis of Athens as a shrine to Athena (goddess of wisdom).