1. WHI.5: ANCIENT GREECE
– PART 1
SOL COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
World History & Geography to 1500 A.D.
Mr. Seward, Instructor of History – I.C. Norcom High
School

2. Influence of Geography on Greek Development

Locations and places
 Aegean
Sea
 Balkan and Peloponnesus Peninsula
 Europe & Asia Minor
 Mediterranean Sea
 Black Sea
 Dardanelles Strait
 Athens, Sparta, Troy
 Macedonia

9. Influence of Geography on Greek Development

Economic and Social Development
 Agriculture
(limited arable land)
 Commerce and the spread of Hellenic culture
 Shift from barter to money economy (coins)

11. Influence of Geography on Greek Development

Political development
 Mountainous
terrain both helped and hindered the
development of city-states.
 Greek cities were designed to promote civic and
commercial life.
 Colonization was prompted by overpopulation
and the search for arable land.

16. Greek Mythology

Greek mythology
 Based
on polytheistic religion
 Offered explanations of natural phenomena,
human qualities, and life events

Greek gods and goddesses
 Zeus,
Hera, Apollo, Artemis, Athena, Aphrodite
 Symbols and images in Western literature, art,
and architecture

18. GOD OR GODDESS
POWER OR RESPONSIBILITY
Zeus
King of the Gods and ruler of Mount
Olympus
Hera
Wife of Zeus, Protector of families,
children, and the home
Apollo
God of truth, intelligence, music, and
poetry
Athena
Goddess of wisdom
Aphrodite
Artemis
Goddess of love and beauty
Goddess of wildlife and hunting`

23. Athens and Sparta

Social structure and citizenship in the
Greek polis
 Citizens
(free adult males) had political rights and
the responsibility of civic participation in
government.
 Women, slaves, and foreigners had no political
rights.

24. Athens and Sparta

Athens
 Stages
in the evolution of Athenian government:
 Monarchy

Central power is held by a ruler (king or queen) who
inherited the position.
 Aristocracy

Rule by a small group of people (oligarchy); usually
landowners
 Tyranny

Rulers who achieved power by force
 Democracy

Citizens take part in the daily affairs of government

26. Athens and Sparta

Athens
 Tyrants
who worked for reform:
 Draco

Created harsh code of laws in which both minor and
serious crimes were punished by death.
 Solon


Changed the “Draconian Code”
Outlawed debt slavery, opened high offices to more
people, allowed some foreigners to become citizens, and
gave more power to the assembly.
 Origin
of democratic principles:
 Direct
democracy, public debate, duties of the citizen

31. Athens and Sparta

Sparta
 Oligarchy
(rule by a small group)
 Two
kings and a Council of Elders
 Major decisions made by citizens
 Rigid
social structure in order to control
conquered people and slaves (helots)
 Militaristic
 Boys
and aggressive society
started military training at age seven.
 Girls brought up to strengthen their bodies for child
bearing.

36. Persian and Peloponnesian Wars

Importance of Persian Wars (490–476 B.C.)
 Persian
wars united Athens and Sparta against
the Persian Empire.
 Athenian victories over the Persians at Marathon
and Salamis left Greeks in control of the Aegean
Sea.
 Athens preserved its independence and
continued innovations in government and culture.

43. Persian and Peloponnesian Wars

Importance of Peloponnesian War (431–404
B.C.)
 Caused
in part by competition for control of the
Greek world
 Athens
and the Delian League
 Sparta and the Peloponnesian League
 Turning
point of the Peloponnesian War
 Spartan
army overwhelmed the Athenians
 Pericles allowed people living in the countryside to
come inside Athens’ city walls; resulting in
overcrowding, disease, plague, and death.
 Athenians surrendered.

44. Persian and Peloponnesian Wars



The Peloponnesian War ended Athenian
domination of the Greek world.
The Athenian economy revived and Athens
remained the cultural center of Greece yet the
spirit and energy of Athens declined.
Athens decline resulted in slowing of cultural
advance and the weakening of political power

50. Questions ?
Comments ?
Observations ?
Criticisms?