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1. SCULPTURE
GROUP II
INTRODUCTION TO HUMANITIES

2. SCULPTURE
Etymology
• The term of "sculpture" comes from Latin word
"sculpere" which means to cut or remove pieces with a
stone.
Definition
• Sculpture is a three-dimensional form constructed to
represent a natural or imaginary shape.
U.P Oblation

3. Methods of Sculpture
• Subtractive Process- Carving;
unwanted materials are
removed.
• Additive Process- Modeling,
Casting, Construction

4. Carving (subtractive)
• Carving - removing portions of a block of
materials to create a form.
• Can use stone, plaster, wood, ivory, glass, ice,
chocolate…
• Can be done by hand or with power tools.

5. Modeling (additive)
• Modeling - using a pliable materials such
as clay or wax the artist shapes the
material into a 3D form.
• Can be done by hand or with tools.

6. Casting (additive)
• Casting - liquid material is poured
into a mold to create a form.
• Mold - the form into which the
material is poured.
• Any material that hardens can be
used for casting; i.e. metal, slip,
plaster, plastic resins
• One of the oldest and most
common is bronze.

7. Construction (additive)
• Constructed sculpture - forms are
built from materials such as wood,
paper, string, sheet metal, and wire.
• Welding, gluing, nailing materials
together

8. Types of Scuplture
1. Full Round
2. Relief
3. Linear
4. Kinetic
5. Assemblage
Venus of Willendorf, Paleolithic. 30,000 BCE

9. Free-Standing or Full Round Sculpture
• It inhibits three-
dimensional space in
the same way that
living things do.
• Sculpture in the
round cannot be
appreciated from only
a single viewpoint but
must be circled and
explored.
• Full Round
• Relief
• Linear
• Kinetic
• Assemblage

10. Roman bronze
reduction of
Myron'sDiscobolus,
2nd century AD
Terracotta Warriors and Horses
• Full Round
• Relief
• Linear
• Kinetic
• Assemblage

11. Relief Sculpture
• A relief sculpture grows out of flat, two-dimensional background,
and its projection into three-dimensional space is relatively
shallow.
• The back of the relief sculpture is not meant to be seen, the entire
design can be understood from a frontal view.
• Full Round
• Relief
• Linear
• Kinetic
• Assemblage

12. High Relief Bass Relief
• Full Round
• Relief
• Linear
• Kinetic
• Assemblage

13. Stela of Akhenaten-
New Kingdom (1350
BCE)
Centaur & Laptih relief,
metopes, Parthenon
• Full Round
• Relief
• Linear
• Kinetic
• Assemblage

14. LINEAR SCULPTURE
• Linear sculptures emphasizes
construction with thin, tubular
items such as wire or neon tubing.
• Full Round
• Relief
• Linear
• Kinetic
• Assemblage

15. Kinetic Sculpture
• A kind of structure where the parts or a certain part are/is
movable.
• Full Round
• Relief
• Linear
• Kinetic
• Assemblage

16. Assemblage Sculpture
• A kind of structure where in the elements present are just
assemble from things that are found in the surrounding.
• Full Round
• Relief
• Linear
• Kinetic
• Assemblage

17. Traditional Sculpture Materials
• Marble
• Metal
• Wood
• Ivory
• Terra Cotta

18. Marble
• Marble is extremely hard
• It is also very durable
• Appropriate for monuments and
statues
• Stone tools include the chisel, mallet,
and rasp.
• Artists, also, use contemporary power
tools
'Handel', by Louis François Roubiliac, 1738

19. Metal
• Sculpture can be created by cutting
metals with shears and snips, by firing
and hammering metals, or by joining
metals with sheet metal screws, rivets
and soldering. More advanced
techniques involve brazing,
oxyacetylene welding, arc and heli-arc
welding and fabrication of more
complex forms.
• Of the metals, the most commonly
used traditionally was bronze.

20. Wood
• Wood can be carved, scraped,
drilled, and polished, laminated,
and bent.
• Different woods have a different
hardness and grain.
• Wood appeals to sculptures because
of its grain, color, and workability.
• Wood is lighter and easier to carved
than stone.
Carved Pulpit of San Agustin Church

21. Ivory
• Ivory is a type of dentine - a hard,
dense bony tissue which forms most of
the teeth and tusks of animals - which
has been used for millennia as a
material for carving sculpture (mostly
small-scale relief sculpture or various
types of small statue) and other items
of decorative art (such as carved ivory
covers for illuminated manuscripts,
religious objects, and boxes for costly
objects), as well as a range of
functional items (piano keys, billiard
balls).

22. Terra Cotta
• “Cooked earth”
• It is a moderately coarse clay
product fired at comparatively low
temperature.
• Usually painted and coated with
heavy glaze.

23. History
Sculptures of ancient empires recorded both religious and
political life.
Artisans of
these cultures
often used
techniques and
methods that
continued
unchanged for
centuries.
Statue of Memi and Sabu, Old Kingdom
Menkaure and his queen, Egypt, 2550
B.C.

24. Sculpture of Ancient Greece and Rome is one of the greatest
achievements of Western Art
This work often focused on perfecting the
human form.

25. During this same time, distinct sculptural traditions
developed in other areas of the world.

26. During the Renaissance, artists again looked to
perfecting the human form.
Michelangelo sought to release the
image that was “locked” in the stone.

27. Artists continued to work in this style into
the 20th century
•Edmonia Lewis, one of the
only female African
American sculptors of the
time, sculpted figures that
represent both the beauty
of the human figure while
presenting thought
provoking content.

28. In the 19th and early 20th century, artists shifted from
portraying realistic figures in favor of distorted and
abstracted forms.
Auguste
Rodin

29. This abstraction of form carried on into
the 20th century.
Henry Moore
Constantin
Brancusi

30. Some artists shunned traditional materials and methods
and created entirely new types of sculptures.
Robert
Rauschenburg
Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen

31. Contemporary artists continue to redefine
sculpture as an art form.
Andy Goldsworthy Sandy Skoglund

32. END
Hope you have enjoyed the presentation
and
learned a lot today! 
God Bless