Rotavirus is a viral pathogen that causes gastroenteritis in children. It appears wheel-shaped under microscopy and is transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Symptoms include diarrhea, vomiting, and fever. Diagnosis can be made using ELISA tests or PCR to detect the virus in stool samples. Treatment focuses on rehydration since there are no antiviral drugs available. Vaccines have been developed to help prevent infection.
2. Rotavirus is a non-enveloped virus that comes
from a family called Reoviridai.
Derives the name from the Latin Rota which
means wheel. It appears wheel like when looked
under an electric microscope.
Very stable and may remain viable for weeks or
months if not disinfected
Once cured, it can reoccur at any age. But the
subsequent infections are usually less severe
4. This virus can easily be spread through children
before and/or after becoming sick with diarrhea.
Usually transmitted by fecal-oral route
Virus must be shed of an infected person and somehow
entered into a susceptible person to cause infection.
Also caused by contaminated hands, water, and,
objects.
5. It has been observed that improved sanitation
does not decrease the infection transmission.
Due to this, the primary treatment is vaccination.
Few current examples include; RotaTeq, Rotatrix
No antiviral drug has yet been discovered.
Treatment is nonspecific but usually treated for
dehydration.
6. Symptoms usually appear within 12 to 48 hrs.
after exposure and last till 1-3 days.
Watery diarrhea
Vomiting
Fever
Headache
Abdominal pain
Chills
7.
8.
9. Identification of etiologic agent
Based on symptoms and physical exam
Elisa test
Latex agglutination (for rapid results)
11. This is an in-vitro test for the Limitations:
determination of rotavirus Stool sample varies by patient
antigen in feces. Patients with infection for a long
period of time results will not
Polyclonal anti-rotavirus and show as an active infection.
anti-rotavirus monoclonal Early treatment with proper
antibodies are used. antibiotics.
Specificity – 97%
Sensitivity – 100%
Expectations:
Healthy individuals should test
negative.
Presence of rotavirus antigen
should be present .
12. Break the wells need it for
samples plus two controls.
Prepare controls.
Add 100 µL of specimen,
incubate for 30 min.
Add 2 drops of reagent 1 Blue
sol. to each well, incubate for 5
min. then wash
Add 2 drops of reagent 2 red
sol. incubate for 5 min and then
wash.
Add 2 drops of chromogen sol.
@room temp. for 5 min. DO
NOT WASH.
Add 2 drops of stop sol. Mix
then read results .
13. Limitations: Expected results:
For the making of the Amplification/Extension
new template the of DNA.
primers have to be very Allows scientists to
specific and particular to sequence nucleotides.
the template. These nucleotides are
The primers must be very helpful in studying
only capable of binding the molecular
with the template and epidemiology of
not each other because Rotavirus.
this can cause the
amplification of a
short, useless DNA.
14.
15. ELISA PCR
97% specificity Less specific
100% sensitivity Super sensitive
Fluid sample Fluid sample
Results in 45-60 min 2 to 3 hours
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http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/heic/ID/rotavirus/
http://www.microbac.com/services/pcr_process.php
Brasier,Alan R., Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, A, Lemon, S. M., & ebrary, I.
(2009).
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Wark, P. (2008). Paediatric Respiratory Reviews. Mini-symposium:
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http://www.cdc.gov/rotavirus/index.html.
Scott M, Janneck L, Dent R, Merino D. Rotavirus. Retrieved from
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Pathology.htm
http://faculty.plattsburgh.edu/donald.slish/PCR.html
http://www.humenhealth.com/rotavirus-infection/rotavirus-
infection.asp
http://www.humenhealth.com/rotavirus-2