Master Naturalist - Botany (4/10/14)
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My presentation for the botany session for the Southern Illinois Master Naturalist program on April 10, 2014.
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Master Naturalist - Botany (4/10/14)
- 1. Southern Illinois Master Naturalist Botany Instructor: Chris Benda Camel Rock at Garden of the Gods Wilderness
- 2. Christopher David Benda – Visiting Plant Ecologist, Illinois Natural History Survey Degognia Canyon – Jackson County
- 3. Photo credit – Randy Nyboer Statewide Project 5 Regional Ecologists
- 4. Illinois Native Plant Society Southern Chapter www.facebook.com/southernillinoisplants Technical Expert Consultant
- 5. The Flora of Southern Illinois PLB 451 – Plant Biology Dept. Southern Illinois University
- 6. Binomial Nomenclature “The beginning of wisdom is to call things by their rightful names.” Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Animalia Cordata Reptilia Testudines Emydidae Emydoidea E. blandingii
- 18. Wildflower Quiz Answers 1. Dwarf Larkspur (Delphinium tricorne) 2.Marsh Mallow (Hibiscus lasiocarpos) 3.Spiderwort (Tradescantia virginiana) 4.Indian Pink (Spigelia marilandica) 5. Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta) 6.Wild Potato Vine (Ipomaea pandurata) 7. St. Andrew’s Cross (Ascyrum multicaule) 8.Purple Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) 9.Starry Campion (Silene stellata) 10.Winged Monkeyflower (Mimulus alatus)
- 19. Plant Taxonomy •Non-Vascular •Early Plants (spores) •Archaeplastida (algae) •Bryophyta (mosses) •Marchantiophyta (liverworts) •Anthocerophyta (hornworts) •Vascular •Seedless plants •Pteridophyta (Ferns) •Equisetaceae (Horsetail) •Isoetaceae (Quillwort) •Lycopodiaceae (Clubmoss) •Marsileaceae (Water-Clover) •Selaginellaceae (Spikemoss) •Seed Plants •Gymnosperms (Conifers/Evergreens) •Juniperus, Pinus, Taxodium, Taxus •Angiosperms (Flowering Plants) •Monocots (Orchids, Lilies, Irises, Grasses, Sedges, Rushes, aquatic plants) •Dicots (most other flowering plants)
- 21. • 1. Gymnosperms (“Naked Seeds”): plants that don’t produce a protective fruit around the seed. • Ex: all the conifers-pines, cedar, spruce, and cypress.
- 22. • 2. Angiosperms (“Hidden Seeds”): flowering plants, seed is encased in a protective fruit. • This is the dominant group of plants on Earth today. • * Fruit- anything formed from the enlarged plant ovary.
- 25. One cotyledon in seed
- 26. Leaf veins form a parallel pattern
- 27. Flower parts in threes and multiples of three, irregular (nonsymmetrical)
- 28. Two cotyledons in seed
- 29. Leaf veins form a net pattern
- 30. Flower parts in fours or fives and their multiples
- 31. Seed MonocotsEudicots One cotyledon in seed FlowerRoot Root xylem and phloem in a ring Vascular bundles scattered in stem Leaf veins form aparallel pattern Flower parts in threes and multiples of three Flower parts in fours or fives and their multiples Leaf veins form anet pattern Vascular bundles in a distinct ring Root phloem between arms of xylemTwo cotyledons in seed Stem Leaf Monocot vs. Dicot
- 33. Two Types of Flowers: • 1. Perfect (Complete): flowers containing BOTH male (stamen) and female (pistil) sexual parts. • Automatically monoecious
- 34. • The male part is termed the Stamen which consists of the anther and filament. • The female part is the Pistil, which consists of the stigma, style and ovary.
- 35. • 2. Imperfect (Imcomplete): Flowers containing the reproductive parts of only one sex. • These imperfect flowers may be on the same plant (monoecious), • or on separate plants (dioecious).
- 38. Obligate (requires specific conditions for survival) Vs. Facultative (requires general conditions for survival)
- 39. Symbiosis Can Be One Of Two Conditions: • 1. Obligatory: one organism cannot live without the other. • 2. Facultative: can live symbiotically but can survive without one another.
- 41. Simple leaf, magnolia a. Simple versus compound leaves Pinnately compound leaf, black walnut Palmately compound leaf, buckeye b. Arrangement of leaves on stem Opposite leaves, maple Whorled leaves, bedstraw Alternate leaves, American beech Leaf Characteristics
- 44. Pinnately compound leaf, black walnut
- 48. Handout on plant leaves
- 49. Plant Resources for Illinois Field Guide Books & Websites
- 51. Erigenia link http://www.ill-inps.org/Erigenia T & E Species Link http://www.dnr.illinois.gov/ESPB/Documents/ETChecklist2011.pdf
- 52. Plant Taxonomy •Non-Vascular •Early Plants (spores) •Archaeplastida (algae) •Bryophyta (mosses) •Marchantiophyta (liverworts) •Anthocerophyta (hornworts) •Vascular •Seedless plants •Pteridophyta (Ferns) •Equisetaceae (Horsetail) •Isoetaceae (Quillwort) •Lycopodiaceae (Clubmoss) •Marsileaceae (Water-Clover) •Selaginellaceae (Spikemoss) •Seed Plants •Gymnosperms (Conifers/Evergreens) •Juniperus, Pinus, Taxodium, Taxus •Angiosperms (Flowering Plants) •Monocots (Orchids, Lilies, Irises, Grasses, Sedges, Rushes, aquatic plants) •Dicots (most other flowering plants)
- 53. Sphagnum Moss – Sphagnum compactum
- 54. Netted Chain Fern – Woodwardia areolata
- 55. Royal Fern – Osmunda spectabilis
- 57. Mosquito Fern – Azolla mexicana
- 58. Shining Clubmoss – Huperzia lucidula
- 59. Scouring Rush – Equisetum hyemale
- 61. Illinois Gymnosperms • Cypressaceae – Cypress family – Juniperus – 3 species • communis (Ground Juniper, rare) • horizontalis (Trailing Juniper, rare) • virginiana (Eastern Red Cedar) – Thuja – 1 species • occidentalis (White Cedar, rare)
- 62. Red Cedar - Juniperus virginiana
- 63. Illinois Gymnosperms • Ginkgoaceae – Ginkgo family – Ginkgo – 1 species • biloba (Ginkgo)
- 64. Illinois Gymnosperms • Pinaceae – Pine family – Larix – 2 species • decidua* (European Larch) • laricina (Tamarack, rare) – Picea – 2 species • abies* (Norway Spruce) • mariana* (Black Spruce)
- 65. Illinois Gymnosperms • Pinaceae – Pine family – Pinus – 10 species • banksiana (Jack Pine) • echinata (Short-leaf Pine, rare) • nigra* (Austrian Pine) • resinosa (Red Pine, rare) • rigida* (Pitch Pine) • strobus (White Pine) • sylvestris* (Scots Pine) • taeda (Loblolly Pine) • 2 others
- 66. Illinois Gymnosperms • Taxaceae – Yew family – Taxus – 1 species • canadensis (Canada Yew, rare) • Taxodiaceae – Bald Cypress family – Taxodium – 1 species • distichum (Bald Cypress)
- 67. Big Cypress Access – Lower Cache River
- 68. Plant Humor Q. How can you ID a dogwood tree?
- 69. Plant Humor A. By its bark!
- 70. Gee whiz?! information If you can’t tell a joke about it, explain where the name comes from, or tell story about the plant then: WHO CARES!!!
- 71. Latin Pronunciation Pronounce every letter except diphthongs Echinacea, Tradescantia, Opuntia humifusa, Ambrosia artemisiifolia “ch” is a “k” sound Polystichum, Heuchera If a word has two syllables, the accent always goes with the next to the last (called the penult); e.g., Àcer. If a word has three or more syllables, the accent always goes either with the next to the last (penult) or the third from the last (called the antepenult). Synandra hispidula, Onoclea sensibilis, Liriodendron tulipifera phyllum – rhizophyllum, Podophyllum, triphyllum ae Pellaea atropurpurea, Arisaema au Daucus carota Eu Teucrium, Leucanthemum Oe (phoebe), Platanthera peramoena, Ipomoea Ui Equisetum “oi” is not a diphthong! Pleopeltis polypodioides Pronounce when ending with “e” Silene, canadense, sessile, hyemale Latinized last names (one or two i’s) Dodecatheon frenchii, Emydoidea blandingii Most trees have been feminized! Quercus rubra, Fagus grandifolia, Ulmus americana
- 72. BREAK
- 73. Common Plant Families Angiosperms Dicots & Monocots
- 77. Mead’s Milkweed – Asclepias meadii
- 79. Prairie Dock - Silphium terebinthinaceum
- 80. Blazing Stars – Liatris scabra & aspera
- 81. False Dandelion - Krigia biflora
- 84. Marbleseed – Onosmodium molle var. hispidissimum
- 92. Fire Pink – Silene virginica
- 95. Wild Orpine - Sedum telephioides
- 99. Wild Azalea - Rhododendron prinophyllum
- 100. Farkleberry – Vaccinium arboreum
- 101. Lowbush Blueberry - Vaccinium pallidum
- 104. Pencil Flower - Stylosanthes biflora
- 106. Redbud - Cercis canadensis
- 109. Hypericaceae (St. Johnswort family)
- 117. Virginia Knotweed - Antenoron virginianum
- 123. Carolina Rose - Rosa carolina
- 126. Buttonbush – Cephalanthus occidentalis
- 129. Skullcaps – Scutellaria sp.
- 138. Blue-eyed Grass – Sisrhynchium albidum
- 143. Adam & Eve Orchid – Aplectrum hyemale Cranefly Orchid -Tipularia discolor
- 144. Twayblade Orchid – Liparis lilifolia
- 145. Crested Coralroot Orchid– Hexalectris spicata
- 147. Rapid Color Guide
- 148. Rapid Color Guide
- 149. Wildflowers of Southern Illinois
- 150. 100 Best Nature Photos http://www.flickr.com/photos/100801363@N03/
- 151. Classification Exercise Flora of Southern Illinois name the group number in the dichotomous key you would go to for each of these species