This document discusses online identity and authentication. It provides a history of authentication methods like usernames and passwords, which have security issues. OpenID and OAuth 1.0/2.0 were developed to improve authentication but still have problems. Identity providers like Google, Facebook and Twitter now allow social authentication, which many users prefer over creating new accounts. The document stresses the difference between authentication and authorization, and that authorization can enhance the user experience if used properly rather than impairing it through authentication alone. It provides examples of identity data available from different social providers and demos identity workflows.