CBO’s Role in the Congressional Budget Process
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Presentation by Megan Carroll and David Newman, analysts in CBO’s Budget Analysis Division, at the spring symposium of the American Association for Budget and Program Analysis. Since 1975, CBO has produced nonpartisan analyses of budgetary and economic issues to support the Congressional budget process. Each year, the agency’s budget analysts produce hundreds of cost estimates for proposed legislation. This presentation describes some of the principles that underlie those estimates and how the estimates relate to Congressional budget enforcement procedures.
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CBO’s Role in the Congressional Budget Process
- 1. Congressional Budget Office CBO’s Role in the Congressional Budget Process AABPA 2016 Spring Symposium May 2016 Megan Carroll and David Newman Budget Analysis Division
- 3. 2CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE CBO’s estimates are tools that the Congress can use to implement rules and procedures related to budget enforcement.
- 4. 3CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE Those procedures and CBO’s estimates recognize the fundamental distinction between the three primary components of the federal budget: • Discretionary spending—Authority provided in annual appropriation acts • Mandatory (or direct) spending— Spending controlled by laws other than annual appropriation acts • Revenues
- 5. 4CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE How Cost Estimates Relate to Budget Enforcement Procedures
- 6. 5CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE Not all estimates are relevant to budget enforcement procedures. There are no budget enforcement procedures for bills that change authorizations of spending that is subject to future appropriation action.
- 7. 6CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE Changes in mandatory spending or revenues are subject to pay-as-you-go procedures. New budget authority in annual appropriation bills is subject to limits specified in law.
- 8. 7CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE Key Points About CBO’s Estimates and the Congressional Budget Process
- 9. 8CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE We estimate the budgetary effects of bills that provide spending authority or affect revenues relative to current law, using the perspective of the unified budget.
- 10. 9CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE We estimate the budgetary effects of bills that provide spending authority or affect revenues relative to current law, using the perspective of the unified budget.
- 11. 10CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE We estimate the budgetary effects of bills that provide spending authority or affect revenues relative to current law, using the perspective of the unified budget.
- 12. 11CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE We estimate the budgetary effects of bills that provide spending authority or affect revenues relative to current law, using the perspective of the unified budget.
- 13. 12CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE How Agencies Can Assist CBO
- 14. 13CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE CBO consults: • Hill staff • Stakeholders • Agency staff (Budget, Legislative Affairs, program offices) • Counterparts in the Office of Management and Budget • Outside experts
- 15. 14CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE Open, transparent lines of communication are vital.
- 16. 15CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE The key to estimating costs of implementing proposed legislation is identifying changes in agency behavior: • Are new activities required or would the agency have discretion? • Would legislation result in the agency undertaking activities that it wouldn’t otherwise pursue or in a way different from what it would do under current law?
- 17. 16CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE Preliminary, unofficial feedback helps CBO gauge how much time the estimate will take. Formal responses are usually not necessary.