1. Tan Jun
Yi
Education of 3P2
(29)
Afghanistan

3. Introduction on Education
in Afganistan
• Education in Afghanistan includes
kindergarten (4-6 years old), primary
school (7-12 years old), secondary school
(13-18 years old) and higher education.
• There are two different education
ministries: ministry of education and
ministry of higher education.

4. Introduction on Education
in Afganistan
• Afghanistan is going through a nationwide
rebuilding process, and despite setbacks,
institutions are established all across the
country.
• By 2013 there were 10.5 million students
attending schools in Afghanistan, a
country which has around 27.5 million
people living in it.

6. The History
• The government of the Democratic
Republic of Afghanistan stressed
education for both sexes, and
widespread literacy programmes were set
up.
• By 1988, women made up 40 percent of
the doctors and 60 percent of the
teachers at Kabul University

7. The History
• 440,000 female students were also
enrolled in different educational institutions
and 80,000 more in literacy programs.

8. Wars
• Despite improvements, 90% of the
population remained illiterate in 1979.
• this was because the Soviet invasion of
Afghanistan in 1979 and other successive
wars virtually destroyed the nation's
education system.

9. Wars
• Most teachers fled during the wars to
neighbouring countries. In the middle of
the 1990s, about 650 schools were
functioning throughout the country.

10. The Taliban’s
involvement
• In 1996 the Taliban regime restricted
education for females, and the Madrassa
(mosque school) became the main source
of primary and secondary education.
• About 1.2 million students were enrolled
in schools during the Taliban, with less
than 50,000 of them girls.

11. The Taliban’s
involvement
• In 1996 the Taliban regime restricted
education for females, and the Madrassa
(mosque school) became the main source
of primary and secondary education.
• About 1.2 million students were enrolled
in schools during the Taliban, with less
than 50,000 of them girls.

12. The Taliban’s
involvement
• In 1996 the Taliban regime restricted
education for females, and the Madrassa
(mosque school) became the main source
of primary and secondary education.
• About 1.2 million students were enrolled
in schools during the Taliban regime, with
less than 50,000 of them girls.

13. Aftermath of the Taliban’s
rule
• After the overthrow of the Taliban in late
2001, the government received substantial
international aid to restore the education
system.

14. Aftermath of the Taliban’s
rule
• Around 7,000 schools were operating in
20 of the 32 provinces by the end of
2003, with 27,000 teachers teaching 4.2
million children (including 1.2 million
girls).

15. Aftermath of the Taliban’s
rule
• Of that number, about 3.9 million were in
primary schools. An estimated 57
percent of men and 86 percent of
women were reported to be illiterate,
and the lack of skilled and educated
workers was a major economic
disadvantage.

16. Aftermath of the Taliban’s
rule
• When Kabul University reopened in
2002, some 24,000 male and female
students enrolled for higher education.
five other universities were also being
rehabilitated in different parts of the
country.

18. Leaps and bounds
• By 2006, over 4 million male and female
students were enrolled in schools
throughout Afghanistan.
• At the same time, school facilities and
institutions were also being refurbished
or improved, with more modern-style
schools being built each year.

19. Leaps and bounds
• Between 2001 and 2010, primary school
enrolment rose from around 1 million to
nearly 7 million (a sevenfold increase in
eight years) and the proportion of girls
from virtually zero to 37%.

20. Leaps and bounds
• The number of teachers in general
education has risen sevenfold, but their
qualifications are low. About 31% are
women.
• Since 2003, over 5,000 school buildings
have been rehabilitated or newly
constructed.

21. Falls
• Enrollment is still low. The average is
1,983 students per institution, while
three institutions have less than 200
students.
• Furthermore, there is a deficiency of
qualified faculty members: only 4.7 %
(166 of total 3,522) of the teaching staff
held a Ph.D.

22. Falls
• In 2007, 60% of students were studying
in tents or other unprotected
structures.
• A lack of women teachers was another
issue that concerned some parents,
especially in more conservative areas.
• Both meant some parents did not send
their daughters to school.

23. Falls
• In 2012, there were insufficient schools.
Around 4,500 schools are being built
according to a recent government report.
40 percent of schools were conducted in
permanent buildings. The rest held
classes in the UNICEF shelters or were
"desert schools" with students and
teachers gathering in the desert near a
village.

24. Falls
• In 2013, Afghanistan was the 13th lowest
in the Human Development index.
• There were still 3 millions children being
deprived of education and it was
requested that $3 billion be given to
construct 8,000 additional schools over
next two years.

25. Challenges faced
• One of them was a lack of funding.
Planning curricula and school programs is
difficult for the Ministry of Education
because a significant amount of the
budget for education comes from varying
external donors each year, making it
difficult to predict what the annual budget
would be.

26. Challenges faced
• In 2009, another concern was the
destruction of schools by the Taliban,
especially schools for females. Following
the destruction of over 150 schools in a
year, many parents had doubts about the
government's ability to protect them.

27. Challenges faced
• There were also 670 incidents of attacks
on education in 2008.
• Violence on students have prevented
close to 5 million afghan children from
attending school in the year 2010.
• In terms of death rates, Afghanistan had
439 teachers, education employees and
students killed in 2006-9, one of the
highest in the world.

28. Challenges faced
• Since the Taliban regime was toppled in
2001, up to 6 million girls and boys
started attending school. In 2012, the
supply of students far exceeded the
pool of qualified teachers.

29. Challenges faced
• According to statistics provided by the
Ministry of Education, 80 percent of the
country’s 165,000 teachers did not
complete their post-secondary studies.

30. Challenges faced
• after the Taliban regime, the curriculum
has been changed from extremist Islamic
teachings to one relatively better with new
books and better training. Yet, there still
remains no standard curriculum for
secondary school textbooks and high
school textbooks remain inadequate in
number and content.

31. Challenges faced
• In 2007, more that half of the population of
Afghanistan was under the age of 18.
UNICEF estimates that close to a quarter
of Afghan children between the ages of
seven and fourteen were working. This
disrupts children's education and possibly
prevents them from schooling completely.

33. Singaporeans are
fortunate
• Unlike afghan schools, there are virtually
no attacks on schools.
• Children can thus go to school without
being afraid or scared.
• There are also virtually no reports of child
labour in Singapore.

34. Singaporeans are
fortunate
• There are also no problems in the
curriculum, and also number of teachers.
• Singapore schools are also relatively
better equipped due to adequate funding.
• Teachers generally also have better
training and qualifications.

35. Singaporeans are
fortunate
• The curriculum is fixed, thus reducing
confusion.
• Poorer families also get subsidies from the
government, giving everyone a chance for
education.
• Most importantly, girls in Singapore have
equal chances as boys in education.

36. The End