This document summarizes a presentation about delivery systems for skin care products. It discusses the physiology of skin and penetration pathways, different types of delivery systems including microcapsules, liposomes, particles, emulsions and Lyphazomes. Lyphazomes are described as natural, biodegradable nanospheres that can carry both hydrophilic and lipophilic ingredients and provide a controlled release over 8 hours with minimal irritation. Physical enhancement methods like microneedles, sonophoresis and patches are also briefly covered. The presentation concludes with an overview and a discussion of future delivery methods like Nano Lipidic Particles.

1. DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR SKIN CARE PRODUCTS Presented by: Carolyn Veroni Director of Business Development Dermazone Solutions June 5, 2010

3. Skin Fundamentals

4. Physiology and Penetration Pathways

5. Why Encapsulate

6. Types of Delivery Systems

7. Overview

9. It can control the rate of release from a formulation as well as absorption

10. May provide sustained release, controlled release, or release on demand into the substrate

12. More advanced

13. Much more effective

14. How do we take advantage of the technology?

15. Formulators challenge

16. Ability to include more ingredients into one formula

18. Brick and Mortar Bricks = Corneocytes Mortar= Lipids

19. 4 Layers of the Epidermis

20. Stratum Spinosum

21. Stratum Granulosum

22. Stratum Corneum

23. Structure of the SC

24. Stratum Corneum Anatomy

25. Lamellar Bodies Releases free fatty acids and Ceramides

26. Corneocyte Shell

27. Ceramide Lipids

28. Corneodesmosomes

29. NMF

30. Desquamation

31. How do we get there? SKIN PENETRATION PATHWAYS

33. The volume of the area is about 5%-30% of the stratum corneum

34. Water has been found to penetrate the skin via the intercellular pathway

35. Transcellular pathway

36. Occurs through the keratinized corneocytes

38. Occurs via penetration through the hair follicles

39. Mainly a route for very lipophilic molecules

40. A major route for both charged and large polar molecules

43. Iontophoresis; electric current 15mA

44. Sonophoresis; low-frequency ultrasound, 20kHz

45. Dermal Patches

46. Micro Needles

47. Enzymatic

48. These inhibit key enzymes of the lipid synthesis

49. Alters the critical moral ratio of the stratum corneum lipids.

50. Vesicular carriers

51. Microscopic vesicle spheres or Nanospheres

54. Protection from light/air, prolongation of shelf life

55. Fluctuating temperature sensitivities

56. Modulating skin penetration properties

57. Controlled release

58. The rate of release

59. Sustained release

61. Prevent contact of incompatible ingredients in the formulation

62. Change of form

63. i.e. incorporation of oil into a powder to allow the creation of powdered formulation

64. Multi-benefit products

66. Eliminating skin irritation

67. Improve efficacy

68. Improve safety

69. Improved esthetics

70. Consumer appeal

71. Color changes

74. Liposomes

75. Particles

76. Emulsions

77. Lyphazomes®

78. Physical enhancements

80. Delivers a specific Ingredient

81. Releases when applying

82. Not a controlled release

83. Releases one ingredient onto the target area

84. Carrier oils

85. Retinol palmitate

86. Vitamin E

88. Size-In the low Micro- Meter range Made up of aqueous compartments and a lipid bilayer

90. Natural or artificial

91. Not all are biodegradable

92. Sizes can vary from 25- 5000 nm

93. Many are loaded by manufacturer

94. Fragile structure

97. One nanometer is billionth of a meter …Huh?

98. A sheet of paper is 100,000 nanometers thick

99. If you’re a blond, your hair is approx. 15,000 to 50,000 nanometers in diameter

100. If you have black hair, its diameter is likely to be 50,000 to 180,000 nanometers

103. Inorganic UVA UVB Blocker

104. Mineral makeup and some sunscreens

105. Micronized Zinc oxide

106. Inorganic UVA UVB Blocker < than 200nm

107. Mostly used in Physical Sunscreens

108. Polytrap® Technology

109. Porous networks- ideal for lipophilic actives

111. Emulsion Monomer droplet Addition of ingredients Emulsion before polymerization Polymerization to form latex particles

113. Emulsion often releases when rubbed onto the skin

114. Encapsulation breaks down with pH change, temperature change, salts and surfactants

116. Made up of phospholipids used by the body

117. Stable in regards to pH, temperature, salts and surfactants

118. Exhibits a controlled release while in the skin

119. Same sized nanospheres 300nm

120. Slight anionic charge to permeate the skin

121. Can also carry a cationic charge

123. Within itself

124. Sized to “stick” within the granulosum

125. Lyphazomes enhance the stability of the ingredient until released

126. Releases all Loaded ingredients over time

127. >8 hours

129. Vitamin A

130. Retinol

132. Green Tea

133. Peptides

134. Glycolic Acid

136. NANOSPHERE PENETRATION:

137. 80% nanosphere CONCENTRATION penetrating within the stratum

138. MIGRATION of NANOSPHERES through the stratum corneum

139. RESERVOIR of NANOSPHERES between the stratum corneum and stratum granulosum

140. TIME-RELEASE OF INGREDIENTS:

141. Bioactive/Active ingredients releasing over time within the stratum corneum and deeper epidermal layer

144. 192 needles which delicately puncture the epidermis of the skin. This damage begins the release of growth factors which stimulate collagen and elastin production

145. Sonophoresis

146. Use of ultrasound to enhance topical delivery

147. Very low frequency increases the permeability of the stratum corneum

148. Iontophoresis

149. Device consisting of an anode and a cathode

151. It requires the user to wear them for 6 to 8 hours at a time.... and sometimes even overnight for the ingredients to travel back to the selected target.....like under the eyes.

152. Intra dermal patches

155. Today's market is more demanding for quality, immediate performance

157. A good delivery system is a valuable tool when it comes to maintaining quality

158. Using a similar concentration of ingredients will give you an added benefit vs. conventional products

160. Nano Lipidic Particles

161. Dial- a- size technology

162. Fast release; sustained release all in one formula

163. In nutraceutical applications- vitamins & minerals

164. Drug applications

165. Nano medicine