2. Geography of the
Arabian Peninsula
The Arabian Peninsula is located in
the southwest corner of Asia
The Arabian Peninsula lies near the
intersection of three continents-
Africa, Asia, and Europe.
3. Life of Muhammad
Muhammad was born in
Mecca in 570
Muhammad’s father died
before he was born, and his
mother died at the age of 6
After his parents died, he was
raised by his grandfather and
later by his uncle
Years later, he managed a
caravan business owned by a
wealthy woman named
Khadijah
At the age of 25 he married
Khadijah
When Muhammad was about
the age of 40, he went to
meditate in a cave and an
Angel appeared and spoke to
Muhammad “Recite! Recite!”
Muhammad asked what he
should recite. The Angel
answered: “Recite in the name
of your lord who created,
created man from clots of
blood! Recite! Your lord is the
Most Bountiful One, Who by
the
4. Life of Muhammad
The Angel answered:
“Recite in the name of your
lord who created, created
man from clots of blood!
Recite! Your lord is the Most
Bountiful One, Who by the
pen taught man what he did
not know.”
Muhammad was afraid first
to tell anyone about the
Angel in the cave but he
told his wife.
In 613, he started telling
people about what
happened
Everyday after the Angel
appeared, Muhammad
started receiving messages
from God and started
writing them down in the
Qur’an
Muhammad died in 632
5. Spread of Islam
• Islam expanded across
northern Africa, Spain, the
Arabian Peninsula, Persia,
Syria, and Egypt
6. The Three Caliphs
• The three Caliphs are Abu-
Bakr, Umar, and Uthman
• Abu-Bakr’s major
accomplishment was to deal
with the problem of the
Bedouins
• After Muhammad’s death
people rejected Islam and
refuse to obey Abu-Bakr
• In 633, after defeating the
Bedouins, he completely
secured the entire Arabian
peninsula.
• Abu-Bakr wanted to expand
the Islam religion beyond the
Sassanid Empire which was in
Persia and the Byzantine
Empire
• He declared a jihad against the
Byzantine Christians, But he
died before he able to carry it
out
• The second Caliph is Umar
7. Sources of Islamic Beliefs
• Muslims look to the Qur’an
for guidance in their daily
lives.
8. The 5 Pillars of Islam
• The Five Pillars of Islam are
five acts of worship
required of all Muslim
• The first pillar is a
statement of faith
• The second pillar of Islam is
daily prayer
• The third pillar of Islam is
yearly donation to charity
• The fourth pillar is fasting-
going without food and
drink
• The fifth pillar of Islam is
the Hajj
