Bauer csm bolivia 2013-04-24

© BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen
Cutter-soil-mixing-
applications in different soils
CSM–Cutter Soil Mixing
Franz-Werner Gerressen,
Santa Cruz, 2013-04-24

.... is a combination
of the BAUER cutter technology
with rotation around horizontal
axes
CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing)

.... is a combination
of the BAUER cutter
technology with rotation
around horizontal axes
and conventional Soil Mixing
systems with rotation around
vertical axes
five
mixing paddles
Japan
MIP
triple auger
Germany

BCM cutting / mixing head
equipment components - control devices
sensors for verticality in
“X” and “Y” direction
measurement technology -
quality assurance
sensor for external
pressure
other sensors:
• torque (oil pressure)
• wheel rotation
• flow and pressure of grout
• gyrocompass

equipment components - control devices
B-Tronic screen
B-Report production log
verticality monitoring
system
production datamachine data

The CSM Method
basic principles

cement
cemented
soil
water
soil
mixing tool
basic principles - working procedure

improving mechanical properties (e.g. strength, water tightness...)
Improvement of the properties of the soil by mixing a slurry into the ground
3000
basic idea
basic principles - working procedure
remediation of chemical containments

soil conditions
• sand/gravel
• silt
• clay
• organic soils
suitable for
retaining wall/
foundation
strength achievement
suitable for
cut-off wall
permeability
achievement
very good
limited
no major
differences
Cutter principle:
Treatment of / Embedding in hard soil layers possible
basic principles - soil conditions

Is it a mixable soil?
soil conditions
"No rock mixing" !
basic principles - soil conditions

soil is used as construction material
minimal spoil removal
vibration free method
no delivery of ready mixed concrete necessary
basic principles - advantages
advantages in comparison to conventional methods

The CSM Method
working procedure

pre-excavation
working procedure

penetration
working procedure

extraction completed
working procedure

The CSM Method
equipment

Typ 1
four tooth holder - high
mixing efficiency
three tooth holder -
high loosening
capacity
Typ 2
equipment components - cutting/mixing wheels

BG 20
depth = 13,5 m
BG 24
depth = 13,5 m
BG 28
depth = 18 m
BG 36
depth = 18 m
equipment components - BG series

BG 28 - interlocking system
max. depth = 35 m
40250
47878
equipment components - BG series
BG 40 - interlocking system
max. depth = 43 m

equipment components - QuattroCutter/Side Cutter
MBG 24 with QuattroCutter - max. depth 60 m
two mixing heads placed one on top of the other: • intensive, homogeneous mixing
• high directional accuracy for big depth

Desanding unit
Agitator
tank
Mixing plant
Hose pump
Feed pump
Mobile sieve
unit
Storage tank
equipment components - auxiliary equipment

The CSM Method
applications

applications
 cut-off walls
 retaining walls (often with cut-off wall function)
 foundations
 slope stabilization
 soil improvement / soil stabilization

worldwide distribution

Project „New South“ Antwerp
background:
• wall surface about 3 000 m²facts retaining wall:
• new construction of an flats and offices block with
basement garage
• about 450 m far away from river Schelde
-> retaining wall with cut-off function
• wall depth up to 11.5 m; excavation depth up to 9 m
• year of execution 2007
• wall thickness 550 mm
application example - retaining wall- RG 16 Kelly guided mixing head

The CSM Method
Advantages - by executing structural walls
Traditional DMM methods
Reinforcement is positioned only in the
centre of the columns
CSM method
Reinforcement can be positioned
anywhere within the panels
Waste
Waste
Effective section

CSM 1-phase system
reasons for using 1-phase system:
• relatively low mixing depth
• relatively simple soil conditions
1-phase system: penetration and extraction with the same cement
or cement-bentonite slurry
• no dry soil
relatively short production time per panel – no danger by initial setting of the cement

CSM 1-phase system – required equipment
Bentonite
silo
Cement
silo
Delivery-
pump
Agitator
cement
Mixer
Compressor
CSM-rig
Trench
Panel
Backhoe

soil conditions - silty sand

application example - cut-off wall - BG 28 rope suspended mixing head
MOSE-Project Venice
• mobile high water protection of Venice lagoonbackground:
• cut-off wall surface about 15 000 m²facts cut-off wall:
• excavation pit for the construction of caisson for
mobile flood gates
• cut-off wall around excavation pit
• 28 m deep
• year of execution 2006
• wall thickness 640 mm

soil profil:
depth [m]
0,0
-11,0
-15,0
-21,0
-26,0
sandy refilling
silty sand
clayly silt / silty clay
silty fine sand
clay
-28,0

CSM 2-phase system was used
reason for using 2-phase system:
relatively high mixing depth of 28 m
relatively long production time per panel
danger of getting stuck - by initial setting of the cement
2-phase system: penetration with bentonite slurry
extraction with cement slurry

CSM 2-phase system – required equipment
Hose pump
Soil
Soil
Desander
Agitator
bentonite
Bentonite
silo
Cement
silo
Delivery-
pump
Agitator
cement
Mixer
Compressor
Trench
Panel
Mobile sieve unit
CSM-rig
Scratching
belt

used base carrier:
BAUER BG 28 V
used mixing head:
BAUER BCM 5 rope suspended

July 2007 – after dewatering
July 2006 – before dewatering

application example - retaining Wall with Cut-Off Function-RG 19T
Re-construction of a wastewater treatment plant - Luxembourg
• No space for excavation pits with embankmentsBackground:
• Mixing depth between 5.5 and 11 mCSM Panels:
• Confined ground water
• Excavation depth between 3.5 and 9 m
• Year of execution 2010
• Wall thickness 550 mm, about 7000 m²
• 1.5 to 2 m socketing into shale bedrock

application example - retaining Wall with Cut-Off Function-RG 19T

Balch Consolidation Conduit Project – Portland, USA
• Reduction of combined sewer overflow (CSO) into
the Willamette River
Background:
• Mixing depth between 14 and 27 mCSM Panels:
• 5 shafts as jacking / retrieval shafts for tunnel
boring machine
• Excavation depth between 9.1 and 24.1 m
• Completed 2009 - 2010
• Wall thickness between 1000 mm and about 1800 mm
• Extreme difficult soil conditions
application example - Shafts - BG 40

-8,0
-26,0
-27,0
stratified sand and silt alluvial
gravel alluvial with cobbles and
boulders
sand with gravel
0,0
-1,0
miscellaneuos fillDepth [m]
Gravel alluvial
with cobbles & boulders
Stratified
sand and silt alluvial

Base carrier:
BAUER BG 40 V
Mixing head:
BAUER BCM 10 Kelly guided
Maximum possible mixing depth by
Kelly guided BCM is 43 m

additional examples for applications
additional examples for applications

© BAUER Maschinen GmbH, D-86529 Schrobenhausen50
CSMretainingwall
CSMbarrette
Vittorio Veneto (Italy)
retaining wall
about 2.500 m²
550 mm wall thickness,
max. 12 m panel depth
soil conditions
sand
application - retaining walls + uplift retention
specific feature
barrets for tie downs made with
CSM panels

Vittorio Veneto
(Italy)
application - retaining walls + uplift retention

Vancouver (Canada)
application - foundations - RG19

application - slope stabilization - RG 25S
Barrets
14 m max. panel depth
partly reinforced with steel pipes
Portugal

application - soil stabilization - BG 40 - BCM 10
Culver City (California, USA)
Soil stabilisation for Cast-in-drilled-hole piles
(CIDH piles); Ø = 4.6 m up to 34.1 m deep

panel layout
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

0.0
-2,0
-4,0
-6,0
-8,0
-10,0
-12,0
-14,0
-16,0
-34,1
clay
(medium stiff)
sandy silt
(medium dense)
clayey silt
(very stiff)
clayey silt
(very stiff to hard)
depth [m]
www.malcolmdrilling.com

Bologna (Italy) soil stabilization
approx. 100.000 m²
23 m panel depth (mainly clay)
application - soil stabilization - BG28 + RG25

diaphragm wall
CSM panels
application - soil stabilization - BG28 + RG25
Bologna (Italy)

Bauer csm bolivia 2013-04-24

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Bauer csm bolivia 2013-04-24