CCAC Paddy Rice Component Highlights, Challenges, Lessons Learnt
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1. The project aimed to support national plans to reduce methane emissions from rice production in Bangladesh and Vietnam. It worked to mainstream alternate wetting and drying practices and develop strategies for mitigation. 2. Key accomplishments included establishing multi-stakeholder networks in Vietnam, mobilizing over 5,000 farmers in Bangladesh to use improved practices, and enhancing mapping tools to identify suitable areas. 3. Challenges included the stringent process for global climate funds and lack of national financing mechanisms, while lessons highlighted the need to balance top-down and bottom-up approaches and involve local stakeholders.
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CCAC Paddy Rice Component Highlights, Challenges, Lessons Learnt
- 1. The CCAC Paddy Rice Component: Highlights, Challenges, Lessons Learnt, Opportunities (July 2017 – June 2018) Lini Wollenberg, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) Akiko Nagano, Environmental Policy Office, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), Japan Björn Ole Sander, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)
- 2. Paddy Rice Component, Phase 2 Project Implementer International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) Project Leader Dr. Bjoern Ole Sander, Climate Change Specialist-IRRI Fund support Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) and CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) Focus Countries Bangladesh and Vietnam
- 3. Paddy Rice Component, Phase 2 GOAL: To support national plans and development programs with evidence-based information and strategies to reduce methane (CH4) emission from rice PHASE 1 (12/2014-5/2016) PHASE 2 (12/2016-5/2019) • Mainstream AWD practices into large-scale agricultural development initiatives • Support business case development and finance • Improve impact assessment • Develop information kiosk: GHGmitigation.irri.org • Identify suitable areas for the implementation of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) • Improved information for decision-making • Establish national multi- stakeholder networks • Country-specific work plans for the coming years
- 4. HIGHLIGHTS Vietnam ‘Rice NAMA Team’ initiated: MARD, MPI, IAE, IPSARD with support from CCAC, USAID and CCAFS • Aim: To harmonize mitigation activities and develop evidence and action for rice NAMA • Team collaborates with FAO to develop concept note on country-led wide-scale SLCP mitigation project for funding from Green Climate Fund (GCF) 1. Mobilize policy makers and leverage funding
- 5. MARD’s Vice Minister Lê Quốc Doanh endorsed the need for paddy rice mitigation initiatives and emphasized that low-carbon rice would help Vietnam access climate change funds for green growth. Photo: Baomoi.com HIGHLIGHTS
- 6. 2. Catalyze development action • Northwest Focal Area Network (FAN) is mobilizing farmers groups (5,000 farmers so far) to use AWD+ in Rangpur Division, Bangladesh Groups of 10-25 farmers and covering 15-20 acres of paddy fields. • Barind Multipurpose Development Authority (BMDA) wants to develop AWD+ in BMDA tube-well areas with funding by Krishi Gobeshona Foundation, Dr. Chowdhury, Member of Parliament and BDMA chairman HIGHLIGHTS
- 7. 3. Enhanced science and knowledge for planning • In Vietnam, GIS-based AWD suitability maps are being fine-tuned with provincial Departments of Agriculture and extension services for a more inclusive approach. • IRRI works directly with officials in An Giang and Thai Binh provinces to further improve the maps by including local knowledge and elicit buy-in among decision- makers. HIGHLIGHTS
- 8. 4. High profile media advocacy • Economist highlights AWD for addressing water security challenges and reducing GHGs in the Mekong River basin. • World Bank’s online “Water in Agriculture Innovation Series” now includes “AWD for Sustainable Irrigated Rice Production” • In Bangladesh extensive media coverage by famous TV agricultural journalist Mr. Rezaul Karim Siddique HIGHLIGHTS
- 9. 1. The stringent and extensive approval process by the GCF and high competition for the funds on national level seemed to complicate the formulation and planning of well-integrated low emission development (LED) programs/projects. 2. National finance mechanisms for low-carbon rice production are inadequate despite strong support from policymakers. Reliance on external funding remains high. CHALLENGES
- 10. 1. The Bangladesh and Vietnam project used contrasting approaches: bottom-up (BD) and top-down (VN). Striking a balance between the two approaches and bridging R4D and extension work with policy should be a critical and strategic next step. 2. Improvement of tools and methodologies should involve local experts and policymakers for more location-specific and accurate results, and to elicit buy-in and ownership from stakeholders. LESSONS LEARNT
- 11. 1. Connection with Barind Multipurpose Development Authority (BMDA) through Dr. Chowdhury and as institutional member of FAN offer strong potential for LED (e.g. AWD) outscaling and upscaling. 2. IRRI is part of a consortium that developed a ‘Thai Rice NAMA’ prototype. The ‘Thai Rice NAMA’ model can be transferred and adjusted to likewise develop a ‘Vietnam Rice NAMA’. OPPORTUNITIES
- 12. 3. The Source-selective and Emission-adjusted GHG Calculator for Rice (SECTOR-Rice), currently being finalized by IRRI, will be a valuable tool in quantifying GHG emissions and reductions and implementing MRV methodology. OPPORTUNITIES
Notas del editor
- Mobilize robust support/leverage funding. A Vietnam ‘Rice NAMA team’ was initiated as a result of two policy workshops co-organized by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD), the Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI) and the CCAC project partners Institute of Agricultural Environment (IAE) and Institute for Policy and Strategy for Agriculture and Rural Development (IPSARD) to harmonize mitigation activities and develop concept ideas for Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA) in rice. The NAMA team sought partnership with the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) to develop a Concept Note for funding from the Green Climate Fund for country-led wide scale short-lived climate pollutant (SLCP) mitigation project. A first draft of the CN has been circulated.
- During the high-level consultation workshop, MARD’s Vice Minister Lê Quốc Doanh emphasized that low-carbon rice would help the country access climate change funds for green growth, and he signified strong support for activities along this line.
- Catalyze collective action for stakeholder engagement. Through continuous mobilization and capacity building activities towards AWD+ dissemination and adoption, the Northwest Focal Area Network (FAN) in Bangladesh has so far reached more than 5,000 farmers in Rangpur Division. The Network has been continuously conducting AWD learning events, stakeholder workshops, field testing, and engagement with policymakers (upscaling) at the community, district sub-unit (Upazila), and regional levels. The Network’s inclusive approach promotes active involvement and sense of ownership among different actors. The project has been gaining interest and political momentum in Bangladesh. Dr Akram Chowdhury, Member of Parliament, indicated that climate change initiatives like the Northwest Focal Area Network (FAN) project, could serve as an entry point in mainstreaming low emissions development (LED) projects in country plans. Also, Dr. Chowdhury, who is also the concurrent chairman of Barind Multipurpose Development Authority (BMDA)—an institutional member of FAN, signified strong interest in co-developing a R&D project on AWD dissemination and conducting action research to introduce farmer-led collective approaches for a group of BMDA tube-well areas suitable for AWD at the sub-district (Upazila) level. Funding with the Krishi Gobeshona Foundation(KGF) will be explored. The project with FAN has been making positive impacts, with its achievements covered extensively by Mr. Rezaul Karim Siddique, a nationally famous TV agricultural journalist. This coverage further enhanced the visibility and reputation of the FAN.
- Enhance science and knowledge for planning. In Vietnam, the GIS-based AWD suitability maps are being fine-tuned through consultation workshops with the local Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (DARD) and extension services for a more inclusive approach. IRRI has worked directly with officials in An Giang and Thai Binh provinces to further improve the maps by including local knowledge and direct buy-in among local decision-makers.
- Intensified information dissemination and advocacy activities. As part of information dissemination activities on AWD+, the Economist Intelligence Unit, in its report Water security threats demand new collaborations: Lessons from the Mekong River Basin, highlights the potential of AWD in addressing the water security challenges and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in rice production systems in the river basin. The section on alternate wetting and drying (AWD) was based mainly on an interview with Dr. Sander. Additionally, Dr. Ole Sander was requested by the World Bank to present the AWD story (AWD for Sustainable Irrigated Rice Production) in its “Water in Agriculture Innovation Series,” a global online knowledge sharing platform on innovations related to water in agriculture attended by ~50 World Bank staff and viewed by partners around the globe.
- CHALLENGES 1. The stringent and extensive approval process imposed by the GCF on one end, and the already high competition for the funds (i.e. many actors with different interests) on the other, seemed to complicate the formulation and implementation of well-integrated LED programs/projects. 2. National finance mechanisms for low carbon rice production are inadequate. While policy makers strongly support low carbon development, in actual scenario, in most cases it is not feasible to invest national budgets into LED programs/projects. Reliance on external funding remains high.
- LESSONS LEARNT The Bangladesh and Vietnam projects used contrasting approaches, with the former relying more on a bottom-up approach (i.e. engagement and involvement prioritizing farmer networks/groups, extension agencies, and local government institutions) while the latter used a top-down approach (i.e. focus on high-level decision makers/policymakers). Going forward, striking a balance between the two approaches, and bridging R4D and extension work with policy, should be a critical and strategic next step for a more effective and integrative project implementation. Further development and improvement of tools (e.g. suitability maps) and methodologies should increasingly involve local experts and policymakers to achieve location-specific and more accurate results, and elicit buy-in from and ownership of local stakeholders. This will also benefit fund raising activities based on scientific outputs in the future.
- 1. Connection with BMDA, at two levels—through the direct link with Dr. Chowdhury as both BMDA chairman and MoP and through institutional membership of FAN—opens the door and offers strong potential for outscaling and upscaling AWD+ and other LED options in Bangladesh. Both Dr. Chowdhury and the FAN strengthen links with relevant stakeholders and agencies, and create funding opportunities, which are valuable components in driving our projects and activities forward. 2. IRRI is part of the consortium that has developed a NAMA prototype for the rice sector of Thailand, which targets mitigation in six provinces in central Thailand. The Thai Rice NAMA model, which is slated to be funded by the NAMA Facility can be transferred and adjusted to Vietnamese conditions for the formulation of Vietnam Rice NAMA.