Direct Speech (Direct sentence) is a sentence in which the words of the speaker as it is written directly.Indirect Speech is a phrase that comes from direct sentences that tell back in another form or a sentence that reports something spoken by someone else.

1. ASSALAMU’ALAIKUM
WR.WB

3. Direct Speech
Direct Speech (Direct sentence) is a sentence in which the words
of the speaker as it is written directly.Sentence is not changed or added.
This sentence is written using quotation marks. Therefore, this phrase is
also commonly referred to as “Sentence Quotation”. Direct speech is a
way to report what someone has said or written, in the form of
statements, questions, or other speech, quoting this words exactly.Direct
speech surrounding quotation marks (“ ”). In addition, attribution (asked,
says, said, yelled, shouted, replied, ordered) often accompanies direct
speech. Direct Speech (Direct Sentences) consists of two parts, namely:
Reporting Verbs (Verbs are reported) and Reported Words (words or
sayings are reported).
Example Direct Speech :
 “I play basketball every Sunday,” said Nesa
 “I’ll be back soon,” he said.
 Cika said, ”Don’t walk on the grass please!”
 Wafa said, ”Are You Busy ? “
 John said, “ I feel tired “

4. Indirect Speech
Indirect Speech is a phrase that comes
from direct sentences that tell back in another
form or a sentence that reports something
spoken by someone else. Therefore the sentence
is also called "Reported Speech".In indirect
speech, speech delivered by changing the format
to make it more clear, natural, and efficient for
the listener.
Example Indirect Speech :
1) Nesa said that she play basketball every
Sunday
2) He said that he will back soon
3) Cika said told me not to walk on grass
4) Wafa asked me if I was busy
5) John said that he felt tired

5.  Note:
If verbs in the main clause and the shape is PRESENT
PERFECT PRESENT or the existence of a common statement in the
main clause, then there is no time changes in the indirect sentence.
example:
-She Asks me, "Are you sleepy?" She Asks me Wether I am
sleepy
-He Has told us, "I am hungry." He told us that he is hungry
-She Told Me, "the sun rises in the east“.
-She Told me that the sun rises in the east
But if the sentence Verbs form apart from the PRESENT and
PRESENT PERFECT time then there is a change in the indirect
sentence.

6. CHANGES DIRECT SPEECH WITH INDIRECT
SPEECH
In general, direct speech into indirect speech can be
changed by removing the quotation marks and capital letters (the
first letter in the word in quotation marks omitted), adding that
the word / Whether / if, adjust pronoun, verb, and or time
reference.
>> Rule Changes Being Direct Speech and Indirect Speech
There are some rules for changing Direct Speech into
Indirect Speech, among others, are:
• Change tenses. To find out how the rules change tenses in
Indirect Speech, please read our next post: Rules Change Tenses
in Indirect Speech
• Changes in the conjunction. To find out how to change the rules
of the conjunction (Connecting Words) in Indirect Speech, please
read our next post: Rules Changes in conjunction in Indirect
Speech
• Changes in Time Specification. To find out how the rules change
time Specification (adverb of time) in Indirect Speech, please
read our next post: Rules Change Time in Indirect Speech.

7. Sentences Direct Speech
Indirect
Speech
Explanation
Statement
“I like eating
out,” said Vina.
Vina said that
she liked eating
out.
Quotation marks are omitted, I changed
to a pronoun she (third person), and
converted into a verb like past tense liked
Vina assuming no longer like to eat
outside or just focus messenger
conversation with the past.
But the verb can remain confident
messenger like if the statement is still
valid, for example because of delivered
immediately after hearing the words of the
messenger.
Question
“Have you
finished your
homework?” he
asked.
He wanted to
know whether I
had finished my
homework.
Whether or if added to deliver the
news in the form of yes-no question that
has been heard before.
Imperative
“Wake up now!”
she shouted.
She told me to
wake up at that
time.
Now (time) became at that time or
then, while the infinitive verb into the
reporting command.
Example Changes :

8. A.Changes In Indirect Speech Tenses
In indirect speech and reported speech is preceded by the word said,
for example: I said, Jack said or They said. Besides, tenses or forms
of time turned into shape over the past time.
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Simple Present
He said, “I go to Jakarta every month.”
Simple Past
He said (that) he went to Jakarta every month.
Simple Past
He said,”I went to Jakarta every month.”
Past Perfect
He said (that) he had gone to Jakarta every month.
Present Perfect
He said, “I have gone to Jakarta every month.”
Past Perfect
He said (that) he had gone to Jakarta every month.
Present Continuous
He said,”I am going to Jakarta every month.”
Past Continuous
He said (that) he was going to Jakarta every month.
Past Continuous
He said, “I was going to Jakarta every month.”
Perfect Continuous
He said (that) he had been going to Jakarta every
month.
Future (will)
He said,”I will go to Jakarta every month.”
Would + verb
He said (that) he would go to Jakarta every month.
Furure (going to)
He said, “I am going to Jakarta every month.”
Past Continuous
He said (that) he was going to Jakarta every month.
.

9. Direct Speech Indirect Speech
He said,”Go to school every day.”
He said,”Wash your face!”
The police ordered,”Walk on!”
The teacher said,”Don’t be lazy!”
He told me to go to school every day.
He told me to wash my face.
The police ordered me to walk on.
The teacher told me not to be lazy.
B.Indirect Speech With Commands
Form of indirect or reported speech changes from the
command line using the word usually said, of toll, and ordered
and then followed to the infinitive form.

10. Direct Speech Indirect Speech
He told me,”You mustn’t drive a
car without a driving licence.”
He told me that I musn’t drive a car
without a driving licence.
C.Indirect Speech With Prohibition
Form of indirect speech of the sentence changes made must not ban
usually not fixed but must be preceded and followed that + Subject to the
auxiliary and verb tenses without changing the (shape of the time).
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
He said, “Do you go to school
every day?”
He asked me whether I went to school
every day.
He said, “Where do you go to
school?”
He asked me where I went to school.
She asked, “When will they
come?”
She asked me when they would come.
D. Indirect Speech By questions
Forms of Indirect Speech which is a change from interrogative sentence
can be grouped into two:
a.IndirectSpeechwithYes-NoQuestion:usuallyusetheword"Whether".
b. Indirect Speech by WH Question: Normally use question words that
exist in the immediate sentence.

11. Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Can
He said,”I can go to school every
day.”
could
He said (that) he could go to school every
day.
May
He said,”I may go to school every
day.”
might
He said (that) he might go to school every
day.
E. Changes to adverbs, Articles, and modals
The change from direct to indirect forms also result in a change in
the adverbs, Articles, and certain modals, as follows:
can ---> could
will ---> would
here ---> there
now ---> then
next week ---> the following week
shall ---> should
may ---> might
this ---> that
yesterday ---> the day before