The document discusses 10 disasters that may occur in the 21st century: 1. Climate change, caused by environmental degradation and natural disasters. Reducing environmental impacts can help address this. 2. Volcanic eruptions, which can be adapted to by isolating at-risk areas and monitoring volcanoes. 3. Extreme weather, exacerbated by past environmental damage. Adaptation requires reducing future degradation. 4. Epidemics, which education and awareness can help curb the impact of. 5. Earthquakes, which communities can learn to better prepare for through education. 6. Drought, which improved food security through sustainable agriculture can help address. 7. Devastating fires, which

1. 10 DISASTERS OF 21st CENTURY
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Presented By Jean Claude Nshimiyimana

2. OVERVIEW
Generally, I can define a disaster as the event that occurs suddenly and causes a great
impairment. I can say that some of disasters are the consequences of the worst treatment of the
environment. Many years ago, the environment has been destroyed by the human activities. As
result, the earth has affected by the disasters and the human being suffered their consistencies at
first. Beside the other disasters caused by the environmental degradation, and there are also the
others which are natural. The natural disasters are caused by the structure of the earth and for this
one, we have to adopt ourselves for them. Hence, both disasters are the future circumstances and
we have to protect, respond or adopt ourselves.
Looking back to the past centuries, many disasters have been remarked. During this period, an
important number of people was died by disasters and the other have been displaced. All of you
know what was happen in Haiti, Japan and other countries of the world. Floods, earthquakes, bomb
attacks, devastating fires, drought, extreme weather, climate change, economic collapses are some
of disasters which was happen through the recent past centuries. As known, the impacts of those
disasters touched deeply the life of the humankind in all side of the world. The past centuries can
be a course for us and teach everyone to make policies of protection and preservation of
environment. Thus seeing what was happen for us during this period, we can protect against the
consequence of disasters in the future.

3. Reduce the environmental degradation is a best policy for disasters effect. Even the consequences
of environmental degradation still being a better struggle for us, I have observed that there are a
permanent deterioration of environment in the world. They are several ways on which the
annihilation of environment is going on. I can say deforestation, quarrying and mining, over-
cultivation, distribution of polythene bags, overgrazing, overfishing, pollution, bush burning, swamp
reclamation and others. Even though the some of disasters are consequences of environmental
degradation, they comeback and damage this one. Here, we must pick out the drought, floods and
others. It is possible to reduce the environmental degradation and some practices can help us to do
it safely. We can change the way on which we treat the environment with the best use of the
nature. Then, the protection and preservation of environment is a big strategy of decreasing the
rate of disasters.
As the past decades, the next also have disasters. The consequences of past and actually
environmental degradation will continue to affect us. Beside this one, the natural disasters are
unstoppable. For my view, I'm looking so far and find ten kind of disasters on which we might face
in the next decades. In this presentation, I am going to show them, clarify the way to protect,
respond or adopt to those future circumstances. As you are going to see some of them my be
protected namely which are caused by the human activities as technology. The others which are
natural is not easy to protect to them and this is the reason why I suggest the way for respond or
adopt to them. Hence, in the next decades we will meet with ten great disasters.

4. I. CLIMATE CHANGE
By my side, the greatest disaster we face in the world is the climate change. The climate is the
prevailing weather conditions of an area. Normally, the climate change is characterized by the
increasing of the average temperature and the natural disasters springing from climatic or seismic
disturbances. From many years ago, the increase in the average temperature still being a problem
in some regions of the world. Actually, we notice many deserts in the world and I consider this one
as a result of the climate change. The climate change touch the life of humankind activities in all
side. Thus, the climate change has many drift disasters and this is a reason why is the greatest
disaster in which the world face with.
The natural disasters and the environmental degradation are the main causes of the climate
change. The natural disasters have occurred spontaneously on the earth many years ago. This
instability of the earth surface was become a serious problem day after day and as result they give
us a struggle of the climate change. The natural disasters is going on and this means that the task of
respond to the climate change is too large for us. As you know, the environment protection or
preservation didn't give a priority by the human being during its activities many years ago. This one
has a great impact on our life by bring us the problems caused by the climate change. By the way,
the activities of deforestation, pollution and others still observed in many regions of the world.
Consequently, the rate of the climate change will increase continuously and it's up to us to reduce
the environmental degradation. Then, the great causes of the climate change are the other natural
disasters and the environmental degradation.

5. The first step to reduce the climate change
effects is the protection of environment. We
ought to adopt ourselves to the disasters
including the climate change. As we have
seen, the environmental degradation is
among the great causes of the climate
change we suffer today. For this, we must
increase the activities which are emphasizing
the sustainability of environment as the
reduction of pollution, afforestation and
reforestation of course. For me, the use
of polythene bags may be controlled and
this can help us to heal the world. After this,
we must create the strategies in order of
helping the people who are meeting with the
effect of climate change. Among those
strategies I can say making food security,
accessible water and others. Beside we can
also reduce the impairment from disasters.
Hence the out most way of protect to the
climate change is the protection and
preservation of environment.

6. II. VOLCANIC ERUPTION III. EXTREME WEATHER
There are several ways to adopt for the volcanic We can protect ourselves against the extreme
eruption. I can define the volcanic eruption as the weather. The weather is a state of the atmosphere
obliteration of materials by the lava flows and with respect to dampness, temperature etc. The
resulting fires for the active volcanoes. This is a world was recognized the extreme weather since
natural disaster which is occurring in the areas the past centuries and till now we suffer the
where there are volcanic chain which is still active consequences of this disaster. The problem of
and frequently erupts. Those regions are found in environmental degradation is a great cause of this
all side of the world and the people suffer the circumstance. For the past degradation, we will
consequences from this circumstance. It is not continue to suffer with the extreme weather up to
possible to eradicate this disaster because is natural 30 next years at least. But from now we can start to
but we can adopt or respond to it by making the reduce the effect of this disaster by eradicate the
following policies: isolate the areas surrounding the environmental degradation. Starting today, we must
volcanic chain which is stilling active, improve a reduce the extreme weather after the next 30 years
continuous control in order of precise the time of at least.
eruption, let those regions being inhabited and
reserve for the other economic activities as tourism,
research, etc. Hence, let us help our communities to
protect against the volcanic eruption because is
possible.

7. IV. EPIDEMIC V. EARTHQUAKES
An important number of people died by The great work to deal with this disaster is
epidemic disease. When something is educating the people all about the
affecting many people at once is called the earthquakes. The earthquakes are the series
epidemic. Several epidemic disease have of vibration of the earth's surface. Normally,
recognized in the world and actually what we the earthquakes like to be occurred in the
have today is the HIV/AIDS and others. I can't areas where there are tectonic activities.
predict the future epidemic disease but it Japan, China, Iran, Pakistan and others are
may be that after AIDS they will be the the countries touched frequently by this
others which must be very dangerous than disaster. The earthquakes have a serious
what we know today. The epidemic is a impacts on the areas where they happen
natural disaster which may be adopted by among them I can say loss of life,
the humankind. Some of the best way to displacement of people, tsunamis,
respond for this disaster are: the increment destruction of infrastructure, etc. In order of
of the research for epidemic, educational adopting to this, we ought to improve the
programs etc. I can say that making available way used to educate the communities at
education and awareness to the nations is of first. After, we can make the easy way of
out most importance. Thus the number of helping the countries meet with the
people died by epidemic disease can be earthquakes. Hence, being educated the
reduced by awareness and sensitization. communities themselves must respond to
the earthquakes.

8. VI. DROUGHT VII. DEVASTATING FIRES
The food security improvement is the best The creation of easy way to help the
response for drought. The drought is a long communities in danger is the out most
period of dry weather. There are many adoption for the devastating fires. I can
causes of the drought. First of all the drought define the devastating fires as the fires which
is caused by the other disasters as climate happen suddenly and cause great
change, extreme weather and others. destruction to the regions. In many cases,
Secondly, the drought is caused by the the human being activities are on the first
ignorance of some of member of the causes of this disaster. We have been
communities. In some areas, they still have recognized what was happen in United state
the overgrazing and the poor cultivation of America, Japan, etc. An important way to
practices. This is the reason why I observe reduce the devastating fires effects is
the drought as the disaster in the future. The providing education and awareness to the
famine, food shortages and others are the communities. After help our people to know
consequences of drought. The response to more about the way of respond to the
adopt for drought are the practice of devastating fires, the facilities of help must
mechanized agriculture, the management of be created in order of give the aid to the
variability in rainfall and other. Thus, in order region attacked by the disaster.
to respond to the drought we can improve
the food security.

9. VIII. ECONOMIC COLLAPSES IX. TERRORISM AND BOMB ATTACK
The sustainability in business may respond to The political stability is a better response to
the economic collapses. The issue of the terrorism and bomb attack. The use of
economic collapses become very serious in violence and threat, to obtain political
this time and for preparing the better future demands has become an habit for the most
we ought to respond carefully for it. Many of communities in the world. The first step
purposes explain the existence of the for sustaining the peace in the world is to
economic collapses but the two greatest teach the new generation(youths). This is
causes are: the other disasters and the explained by the role of youths in those
business which is not sustainable many activities. As you know, many of terrorists
times. The way to adopt for other disasters who are going to the battle field are the
have been clarified. The communities youths. We ought to educate the youths the
themselves ought to avoid the meaningless best way of solving problems as political
expenses and make their business the truly problems, conflicts, human right struggles
sustainable one. This will help us to adopt for and others without violence. Being educated,
the economic collapses in the next years. the struggles of wars, terrorism, bomb
Hence, the sustainability in business is a attack and others will be reduced in the
response to the economic collapses. future. The reduction of those circumstances
will bring the political stability. And then the
political stability will become a solution to
the terrorism and bomb attack.

10. X. FLOODS AND LANDSLIDE
Protecting the regions frequently affected by the floods and landslide is a better
way to respond for those disasters. The flood must be considered as a great
overflow of water, especially over land that is usually dry. In the other hand the
landslide is the fall of earth or rock. The likeness of the both is that they occur
during the rainy seasons in the high altitude areas. The floods are caused by heavy
rainfall associated with natural factors. The floods destroy the physical
infrastructure with the loss of the human life. The landslide is normally occurred in
the regions which have the slope greater than 25 degrees(0.25%). This one is
normally caused by the heavy rainfall and the volcanic eruption. In order of
adopting to those disasters, we ought to isolate those regions and keep it without
physical infrastructure. They are natural and can happen any time which means
that all people who are living on those areas have a risk of being killed by those
disasters. The fund for help the communities suffered in disasters must also be
created in order of simplifying the way of assist. Hence, isolating those areas will
reduce the effect of floods and landslide on the human life.