1. Grammar book
By: Chelsea Brady

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Imperfect
El Preterito
-car/-gar/-zar
Spock
Cucaracha
Snake
Modal Verbs
Los Adverbios
Irregular Adverbs
Progressive Tense
Past tense
Present tense
Future
Conditional
Superlatives
Formal Commands
Prepositions
Demonstratives

3. IMPERFECT

4. IRREGULARS
Uses:
1. Ongoing action (was/were)
2. Repeated action (used to)
3. No definite beginning or end
4. Time/date/age/feelings/descriptions
5. Interrupted activity (cuando)

5. preterito
-past tense
“completed action
“snapshot” in time
-beginning and/or in ending
Ar: er/ir:
yo: e i
tu: aste iste
el/ella/ud: o io
nosotros:amos imos
ellos/ellas:aron ieron

6. El preterito; -car, -gar, -zar
Tocar Jugar Comenzar
•Toque •jugue •comence
•Tocaste •Jugaste •Comenzaste
•Toco •Jugo •Comenzo
•Tocamos •Jugamos •Comenzamos
•tocaron •jugaron •comenzaron

7. Spock
IR/SER
HACER
DAR/VER
-HICE -fui -I
-HICISTE -fuiste -iste
-HIZO -fue -io
-HICIMOS -fuimos imon
- -fueron -ieron
HICIERON

8. CUCURACHA
Andar anduv-
Estar estuv-
Poder pua-
Poner pus-
Querer quis-
Saber sup-
Tener tuv-
Venir vin-
Decir dij-
Traer traj-
Conducir conduj-
Producir produj-
Traduar traduj-

9. Snake/snakey
Preterite verbs with a ‘y’ spelling change
STEM CHANGERS
Dormir
Dormí
Dormimos
*Y CHANGERS
Dormiste
Durmió
Dumieron Leer
Leí
Leimos
Leiste
Leyó
Leyeron

10. Modal
Ir + a + infinitive (going to do something)
Poder+ infinitive (are able to do something)
Querer+ infinitive(want to do something)
Deber+ infinitive (should do something)
Tener que + infinitive(to have to do
something)
Soler + infinitive (to be accustomed to….)

11. mucho alot Muy very mal bad Bastante Quite/enough
•Good/well •already
bien ya tan So poco little

12. Progressive
Estoy hablando.
I am speaking.
Juan está comiendo.
John is eating.
María está escribiendo una carta.
Mary is writing a letter.
estar
Estoy
estás
está
estamos
estáis
están
hablar: hablando
(hablar - ar + ando)
trabajar: trabajando
(trabajar - ar + ando)
estudiar: estudiando
(estudiar - ar + ando)

13. -e
-as
Decir dir-
Hacer har- -a
Poner pondr-
Salir saldr- -emos
Tener tendre-
Valer vendr-
-eis
Poder podr-
Querer querr-
-an
Saber sabr-

14. CONDITIONAL
The conditional is used to express probability, possibility, wonder or
conjecture. Conditional will usually translate as would, could, must
have, or probably.
When would is used in the sense of a repeated action in the
past, the imperfect is used.
To conjugate regular –ar, -er, and –ir verbs in the conditional, simply
add one of the following to the infinitive:
Ía
Ías
Ía
Íamos
Íais
Ían

15. Juan es el chico más inteligente de la clase.
John is the smartest boy in the class.
María es la chica más delgada de la clase.
Mary is the thinnest girl in the class.
Definative
noun Mas(menos) Adjective de
article

16. Change to yo’
Change opposite vowel Tenga-T
Ar e Venga-v
Er/ir a De-D
Vaya-V
Sea-S
Haga-H
Este-E
Sepa-S

17. preposition
A pronoun is a word that is used instead of the name of a
person or thing.
Ex.: he, him, she, her, they, them
As the name implies, subject pronouns are the pronouns to
use for the subject of the sentence.
When the pronoun acts as the object of a preposition, a
different set of pronouns is used.

18. DEMONSTRATIVES
When you’re pointing out specific things, you use
demonstrative adjectives and pronouns.
Eso, esto, aquello refer to a situation or ideas, not to
specific nouns.
Accent marks denote pronouns which take the place
of a noun.
All demonstratives always agree in gender and
number in the noun it modifies.