SEC23 GEOG Chapt9 Pollution

CHAPTER 9 Pollution in the World

Learning Outcomes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Lead-in: Cough! Yuk! (Suggested Answers) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Lead-in: Haze Blues ,[object Object],[object Object],Smog covering the city of Hong Kong

Pollution and Waste ,[object Object],[object Object]

Pollution and Waste ,[object Object],[object Object],Air pollution can lead to water pollution.

Air Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],‘ Brown-air’ smog over Sao Paulo, Brazil. Nitrogen dioxide gives the smog its brown colour.

Air Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],High temperatures and low rainfall can create dry conditions which spark forest fires. Large amounts of ash, smoke and gases are released into the air during a volcanic eruption.

Air Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Vehicle emissions,contain harmful gases like carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. Manufacturing industries emit large amounts of dust and smoke into the air. Construction work pollutes the air with dust and smoke particles.

Air Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Haze observed over the Straits of Malacca and Peninsular Malaysia.

Air Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Toronto, Canada, covered in smog

Air Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Water Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],Urban settlements discharge many forms of pollutants into canals, drains and sewer pipes which eventually find their way into the rivers and seas. Sources of pollutants include factories, sewage treatment plants, runoff of chemicals from agricultural plantations and live-stock farms.

Water Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A sign warns people that the river is polluted with sewage.

Water Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sewage treatment process Some substances in detergents, sprays and even body lotions and shampoo are non-biodegradable and cannot be removed by sewage treatment processes.

Water Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Water Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Water Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Algae covering the surface of a river

Water Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Beach pollution in Beirut, Lebanon

Land Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],A landfill. It is important is to realise that we can never truly throw anything away. Waste often ends up somewhere and can cause land and other forms of pollution.

Land Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A slum in Smokey Mountains, the Philippines Proper waste disposal management

Land Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A man spraying pesticide over some crops

Land Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The American Bald Eagle is now endangered because of the use of pesticides like DDT.

Measures Taken to Reduce Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The United States has implemented the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 which requires all oil tankers to have double hulls by 2015. The European Union has also voted to ban single hull oil tankers from their waters by 2010.

Measures Taken to Reduce Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Beijing, China

Measures Taken to Reduce Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Windmills in Spain

Measures Taken to Reduce Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Measures Taken to Reduce Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Measures Taken to Reduce Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Environmental conservation concepts like the 3Rs — Reduce, Reuse and Recycle, can be promoted through public education.

Measures Taken to Reduce Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],Go ‘green’ Ride bicycles, take public transport, recycle old newspapers

Measures Taken to Reduce Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Be informed and get involved.

Noise Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],Special/Express stream only The different degrees of loudness of noise are measured in decibels. Noise above 130 decibels hurts the ears and damages hearing.

Noise Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],Special/Express stream only An airplane taking off from a runway produces noise of about 120 decibels. Vehicles on a busy street creates about 60 to 90 decibels of noise.

Noise Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],Special/Express stream only Drilling, piling, knocking and use of heavy machinery. Cheering spectators in a stadium.

Noise Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Special/Express stream only Prolonged exposure to noise raises our blood pressure, heart rate, anxiety and stress levels.

Noise Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Special/Express stream only Mufflers can be installed in noisy equipment or in vehicles to absorb noise.

Noise Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Special/Express stream only

Environmental Protection in Singapore ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Environmental Protection in Singapore ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Environmental Protection in Singapore ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Environmental Protection in Singapore ,[object Object],[object Object],Our drinking water quality is excellent and meets the Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality set by the World Health Organisation.

Environmental Protection in Singapore ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Grey or Green? It’s your choice.

Skills Builder: Suggested Answers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

SEC23 GEOG Chapt9 Pollution

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SEC23 GEOG Chapt9 Pollution