A panoramic industry survey by CIO

1. China Intelligence Online
中国港口发展报告
China Port
Development Report 2011
A research report from CIO
Informing business in China

2. www.chinaintelligenceonline .com
1 Table of Contents
1 TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................... 2
2 CHINA INTELLIGENCE ONLINE ............................................................................................................ 6
3 INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT ....................................................................................................................... 7
4 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 8
5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... 9
6 THE ECONOMIC BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................... 10
6.1 THE GEOGRAPHY OF CHINA’S ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................. 10
6.2 PRIMARY ECONOMIC HUBS .................................................................................................................... 12
6.2.1 THE PEARL RIVER DELTA (PRD) .................................................................................................................... 12
6.2.2 THE YANGTZE RIVER DELTA (YRD)................................................................................................................. 12
6.2.3 BEIJING AND THE BOHAI BAY REGION ............................................................................................................. 12
6.3 CHINA’S MAIN ECONOMIC REGIONS ......................................................................................................... 14
6.3.1 THE EAST COAST (AND FUJIAN PROVINCE) ...................................................................................................... 14
6.3.2 PEARL RIVER DELTA (PRD) ........................................................................................................................... 15
6.3.3 THE YANGTZE RIVER DELTA .......................................................................................................................... 18
6.3.4 BOHAI BAY ................................................................................................................................................ 19
6.3.5 THE SOUTHWEST ........................................................................................................................................ 21
6.3.6 THE NORTHEAST ......................................................................................................................................... 22
6.3.7 NORTHWEST CHINA .................................................................................................................................... 24
6.3.8 CENTRAL CHINA .......................................................................................................................................... 25
6.3.9 THE YANGTZE RIVER (CHINA’S THIRD COAST) .................................................................................................. 26
6.4 KEY POLICY DEVELOPMENTS AFFECTING THE LOGISTICS INDUSTRY IN CHINA ....................................................... 29
6.4.1 GO WEST .................................................................................................................................................. 30
6.4.2 ONGOING POLICY GOALS IN THE LOGISTICS SECTOR.......................................................................................... 31
6.5 THE LOGISTICS STIMULUS PACKAGE ......................................................................................................... 32
6.5.1 THE NEED FOR LOGISTICS INDUSTRY STIMULUS AND RESTRUCTURING PLAN ........................................................... 32
6.5.2 OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................................ 32
6.5.3 THE CREATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF 9 DISTINCT LOGISTICS ZONES AND 10 LOGISTICS CORRIDORS ......................... 34
CREATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF 10 LOGISTICS CORRIDORS: ......................................................................................... 35
6.5.4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENTS ........................................................................................................................... 38
6.5.5 MAIN THEMES ............................................................................................................................................ 38
6.5.6 IMPLICATIONS ............................................................................................................................................ 39
6.5.7 IMPLEMENTATION ....................................................................................................................................... 40
6.6 OPPORTUNITIES FOR FOREIGN LOGISTICS PROVIDERS AND SUPPORTING INDUSTRIES WITHIN POLICY DEVELOPMENT ..... 41
6.7 CHALLENGES PRESENTED BY POLICY DEVELOPMENT ...................................................................................... 44
6.8 KEY PROJECTS IN THE LOGISTICS PLAN ...................................................................................................... 45
6.8.1 POLICY IMPLEMENTATION ............................................................................................................................ 45
6.9 URBANISATION AND THE CHANGING STRUCTURE OF LOGISTICS NETWORKS ........................................................ 46
6.10 AN EMERGING CONSUMER CLASS ........................................................................................................... 47
6.11 DELIVER CHINA .................................................................................................................................. 48
6.11.1 CHINA 12TH FIVE YEAR PLAN........................................................................................................................ 49
6.11.2 DELIVER CHINA ........................................................................................................................................... 49
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6.11.3 TIMING/CONVERGENCE ............................................................................................................................... 50
6.11.4 USP’S AND BENEFITS................................................................................................................................... 51
6.12 PURCHASING MANAGERS INDEX............................................................................................................. 52
6.13 REGIONAL MARKET DYNAMICS .............................................................................................................. 53
6.13.1 GROWTH OF INTRA-ASIAN FREIGHT MOVEMENT ............................................................................................. 53
6.13.2 ASIA’S DECOUPLING MYTH ........................................................................................................................... 54
7 THE CHINESE ECONOMY AND WORLD TRADE .................................................................................. 58
7.1 OVERVIEW OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMY ..................................................................................................... 58
7.2 GLOBAL COMMODITY PRICES................................................................................................................. 60
7.3 ASIA PACIFIC REGIONAL ECONOMIC OUTLOOK ........................................................................................... 63
7.4 CHINA ECONOMIC REVIEW 2010............................................................................................................ 64
7.5 CHINA FOREIGN TRADE REVIEW 2010 ..................................................................................................... 68
7.5.1 FOREIGN TRADE IN DECOMPOSITION.............................................................................................................. 69
7.6 ECONOMIC FORECASTS FOR 2011 ........................................................................................................... 75
7.7 FOREIGN TRADE GROWTH ESTIMATES FOR 2011 ........................................................................................ 77
8 PORT DEVELOPMENT ...................................................................................................................... 81
8.1 MAJOR COASTAL OVERVIEW.................................................................................................................. 81
8.1.1 REVIEW OF 2010 ........................................................................................................................................ 81
8.1.2 JANUARY 2011 .......................................................................................................................................... 81
8.1.3 EXPECTED GROWTH IN CONTAINER THROUGHPUT ............................................................................................. 84
8.2 INFRASTRUCTURE ................................................................................................................................ 85
8.3 DEVELOPMENT IN 2010 ....................................................................................................................... 87
8.3.1 YANGTZE RIVER DELTA................................................................................................................................. 87
8.3.2 PEARL RIVER DELTA..................................................................................................................................... 88
8.3.3 BOHAI BAY ................................................................................................................................................ 89
8.4 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT TRENDS ............................................................................................................. 90
9 BULK CARGO OPERATIONS .............................................................................................................. 92
9.1 PORT THROUGHPUT OF MAJOR CARGO CATEGORIES ................................................................................... 92
9.2 THROUGHPUT OF MAIN CARGO ............................................................................................................. 94
9.2.1 DOMESTIC TRADE THROUGHPUT ................................................................................................................... 99
9.3 COAL TRANSPORT ............................................................................................................................. 101
9.3.1 GUANGZHOU ........................................................................................................................................... 105
9.3.2 QINHUANGDAO ........................................................................................................................................ 105
9.3.3 TIANJIN ................................................................................................................................................... 106
9.3.4 CANGZHOU-HUANGHUA (HEBEI PROVINCE, 100KM SW OF TIANJIN PORT) ....................................................... 106
9.3.5 TANGSHAN PORT (HEBEI PROVINCE, 100KM E OF TIANJIN PORT) ..................................................................... 107
9.4 IRON ORE TRANSPORT ....................................................................................................................... 108
9.4.1 RIZHAO PORT (SHANDONG PROVINCE, 100KM SW OF QINGDAO).................................................................... 112
9.4.2 TANGSHAN PORT (HEBEI PROVINCE, 100KM E OF TIANJIN PORT) ..................................................................... 112
9.4.3 NINGBO-ZHOUSHAN PORT ......................................................................................................................... 113
9.4.4 TIANJIN PORT ........................................................................................................................................... 113
9.5 OIL PRODUCTS TRANSPORT ................................................................................................................. 114
9.5.1 NINGBO-ZHOUSHAN PORT ......................................................................................................................... 120
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9.5.2 QINGDAO PORT ........................................................................................................................................ 120
9.5.3 DALIAN PORT ........................................................................................................................................... 120
9.5.4 TIANJIN PORT ........................................................................................................................................... 120
10 CONTAINER TRANSPORT ............................................................................................................... 121
10.1.1 IMPACT OF THE FINANCIAL CRISIS ................................................................................................................. 126
10.2 MAJOR CONTAINER PORT ANALYSIS ...................................................................................................... 127
10.2.1 SHANGHAI ............................................................................................................................................... 127
10.2.2 SHENZHEN ............................................................................................................................................... 128
10.2.1 GUANGZHOU ........................................................................................................................................... 129
10.2.2 QINGDAO ................................................................................................................................................ 130
10.2.3 NINGBO-ZHOUSHAN ................................................................................................................................. 131
10.2.4 TIANJIN PORT ........................................................................................................................................... 132
10.2.5 XIAMEN PORT .......................................................................................................................................... 134
10.2.6 DALIAN PORT ........................................................................................................................................... 135
10.2.7 LIANYUNGANG PORT ................................................................................................................................. 135
10.2.8 SUZHOU PORT .......................................................................................................................................... 135
10.2.9 YINGKOU PORT ......................................................................................................................................... 136
10.2.10 YANTAI PORT ....................................................................................................................................... 136
10.2.11 QUANZHOU PORT ................................................................................................................................. 136
10.2.12 FUZHOU PORT ...................................................................................................................................... 136
10.2.13 ZHONGSHAN PORT ................................................................................................................................ 136
11 INLAND PORTS ............................................................................................................................. 138
11.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 138
11.2 CONTENT OF THE NATIONAL PLAN FOR INLAND WATERWAYS AND PORTS ....................................................... 138
11.2.1 A PORT NETWORK OF 28 MAJOR INLAND PORTS ............................................................................................. 139
11.3 PERFORMANCE OF INLAND PORTS 2010................................................................................................. 140
11.4 YANGTZE RIVER ................................................................................................................................ 142
11.4.1 YANGTZE RIVER OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................ 142
11.4.2 REVIEW OF 2010 ...................................................................................................................................... 142
11.4.3 OUTLOOK FOR 2010 ................................................................................................................................. 146
11.4.4 YANGTZE RIVER MAJOR PORTS ................................................................................................................... 148
11.5 PEARL RIVER WATERS ........................................................................................................................ 158
11.5.1 MAJOR PORTS IN THE REGION..................................................................................................................... 158
11.5.2 REGIONAL PORT PERFORMANCE .................................................................................................................. 159
11.6 THE BEIJING-HANGZHOU GRAND CANAL AND HUAIHE RIVER WATERS ........................................................... 163
11.6.1 MAJOR PORTS IN THE REGION..................................................................................................................... 163
11.6.2 REGIONAL PORT PERFORMANCE .................................................................................................................. 163
11.7 THE HEILONGJIANG RIVER AND SONG-LIAO WATERS ................................................................................. 166
11.7.1 MAJOR PORTS IN THE REGION..................................................................................................................... 166
11.7.2 REGIONAL PORT PERFORMANCE AND FUTURE PLANS...................................................................................... 166
12 PORT DEVELOPMENTS .................................................................................................................. 167
12.1 STRUCTURE OF PORT INVESTMENT ........................................................................................................ 167
12.2 OVERVIEW OF PORT DEVELOPMENT. ...................................................................................................... 167
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12.2.1 CONSTRUCTION OF CONTAINER TERMINALS .................................................................................................. 168
12.2.2 COAL TERMINAL CONSTRUCTION ................................................................................................................. 169
12.2.3 CRUDE OIL TERMINAL CONSTRUCTION ......................................................................................................... 170
12.2.4 IRON ORE TERMINALS................................................................................................................................ 171
12.2.5 BULK TERMINAL PROJECTS ......................................................................................................................... 172
BULK TERMINAL PROJECTS SCHEDULED FOR COMMENCEMENT IN 2010 AND BEYOND INCLUDE: ......................................... 172
12.2.6 MULTI-PURPOSE TERMINALS ...................................................................................................................... 172
MULTI-PURPOSE TERMINAL PROJECTS SCHEDULED FOR COMMENCEMENT IN 2010 AND BEYOND INCLUDE:.......................... 172
12.2.7 LIQUID CHEMICAL TERMINALS ..................................................................................................................... 173
12.2.8 CONSTRUCTION OF EMERGING TRANSPORT SYSTEM TERMINALS....................................................................... 173
12.2.9 ADDITIONAL MISCELLANEOUS PORT PROJECTS .................................................................................... 175
12.2.10 DEVELOPMENT OF INLAND PORTS 2009 .......................................................................................... 176
13 PORT THROUGHPUT CAPACITY AND DEMAND ANALYSIS................................................................ 178
13.1 THROUGHPUT CAPACITY AND DEMAND ANALYSIS ON CONTAINER PORTS ....................................................... 178
13.1.1 ANALYSIS ON CONTAINER THROUGHPUT OF PORTS IN CHINA ........................................................................... 178
13.1.2 PERFORMANCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF CONTAINER TERMINALS IN CHINA ......................................................... 178
13.1.3 EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS ON CONTAINER TERMINAL DEMAND AND THROUGHPUT CAPACITY .................................. 183
13.2 THROUGHPUT CAPACITY AND DEMAND ANALYSIS ON COAL PORTS ............................................................... 187
13.2.1 COAL PRODUCTION OUTPUT AND COAL PORT THROUGHPUT IN CHINA .............................................................. 187
13.2.2 PERFORMANCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF COAL TERMINALS IN CHINA .................................................................. 188
13.2.3 EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS ON COAL TERMINAL DEMAND AND CAPACITY ............................................................... 190
13.3 THROUGHPUT CAPACITY AND DEMAND ANALYSIS ON IRON ORE PORTS ......................................................... 191
13.3.1 IRON ORE IMPORT ANALYSIS IN CHINA ......................................................................................................... 191
13.3.2 PERFORMANCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF IRON ORE TERMINALS IN CHINA ............................................................ 192
13.3.3 EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS ON IRON ORE TERMINAL DEMAND AND CAPACITY......................................................... 195
13.3.4 THE MODERNISATION PROCESS OF IRON ORE TERMINALS ............................................................................... 196
13.4 THROUGHPUT CAPACITY AND DEMAND ANALYSIS ON OIL PORTS .................................................................. 197
13.4.1 OIL IMPORT DEPENDENCY AND OIL PORT THROUGHPUT IN CHINA .................................................................... 197
13.4.2 PERFORMANCE & DEVELOPMENT OF OIL TERMINALS IN CHINA ........................................................................ 197
13.4.3 EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS ON OIL TERMINAL DEMAND & CAPACITY ..................................................................... 199
14 APPENDIX..................................................................................................................................... 200
14.1 IMPORTS BY CATEGORY, JAN-NOV 2010 ................................................................................................. 200
14.2 COASTAL PORT CONTAINER THROUGHPUT 2010, AND INCREASE OVER 2009 .................................................. 200
14.3 COASTAL PORT CONTAINER THROUGHPUT 2006-10 ................................................................................. 201
14.4 COASTAL PORT THROUGHPUT JANUARY 2011 ......................................................................................... 202
14.5 IWW PORT THROUGHPUT JANUARY 2011 ............................................................................................. 203
14.6 COASTAL PORT CONTAINER THROUGHPUT (10,000 TEU) JANUARY 2011 ...................................................... 203
14.7 FOREIGN TRADE THROUGHPUT COASTAL PORTS JANUARY 2011 .................................................................. 204
16 DISCLAIMER ................................................................................................................................. 205
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