3. Diamonds that are mined today 1 billion to 3.3 billion years old. Highly pressurized C arbon formed this seductive and valuable mineral in the earth at depths over 150 kilometers and at temperatures greater than 10,000 degrees Celsius.. In dramatic geological events within the earth's core, melting fluids far underneath the Earth’s surface were pushed violently to the surface, causing volcanic eruptions. These explosions created conical pipes filled with kimberlite, or hardened volcanic rock. Once the original volcanic cone was removed by gradual erosion, the kimberlite pipes containing diamond is exposed. D iamonds are in fact only accidental fragments brought to the surface of the earth hidden within this kimberlite rock DIAMOND FORMATION

4. SOURCE OF DIAMONDS

7. In order to deal effectively with R ough diamonds, one should be well educated in the identification and evaluation of the cut and polished diamonds. A good working knowledge of diamonds in their natural form, known as roughs & is very desirable. ROUGH DIAMONDS

8. diamonds The C C C C 4 C’s Of 4 C’s OF POLISHED DIAMOND In selecting a diamond, the rarity, value and beauty is determined by the four factors mentioned here, called as: arat larity olor ut

10. CARAT WEIGHT 0.10cts 3.05 mm 0.25cts 0.33cts 0.50cts 0.75cts 1.00cts 4.10 mm 4.50 mm 5.20 mm 5.80 mm 6.50 mm *Not in scale – a relative comparison

11. S ieves are used to sort the similar size of diamonds from a mix lot of sizes. The metal sieve plates has a specified mm sizes of mesh holes drilled in it through which the diamonds, may or may not, pass. The Sieve sizes starts from: 000 = 1.00 mm 00 = 1.05 mm = 0.05 cts 0 = 1.10 mm 1 = 1.15 mm 1.5 = 1.20 mm ,and goes on to---------- 20 = 4.5 mm = 0.33cts (33 pointer) DIMENSIONS

12. C larity is the occurrence of inclusions, small crystalline fractures or irregular crystal growth, or the lack of them inside the diamond. C larity grading is done using a binocular microscope under 10X corrected magnification. CLARITY

13. FLAWLESS IF / FL Very Very Slight Inclusions VVS1 , VVS2 Very Slight Inclusions VS1 , VS2 Slight Inclusions S1 , S2 Imperfect I1 , I2 , I3 CLARITY

14. COLOUR C olour is the amount of body colour in the diamond. The clearer a diamond, the more value able it is. Colorless “D” on the color scale is the most value able because it has the most clarity. However, when a diamond is graded as a fancy colour, the value increases due to the rarity of the diamond. C olour – sometimes refer as canary yellow diamonds.

15. GIA COLOUR GRADING Colourless D,E,F G, H, I, J K, L, M N, O, P, Q, R S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z Fancy Light, Fancy, Intense Near Colourless Faint Yellow Very Light Yellow Light Yellow Fancy Yellow

16. Colour Comparison It is not very much possible every time, even for an expert, to say the exact color of the diamond unless and until it is compared with other diamonds. M-O COLOR E-G COLOR Fancy Intense Yellow

18. To understand the sub-categories for well-cut diamonds, think of a pyramid with "Ideal" at the top. This narrow range is reserved for the most brilliant, rare and valuable diamonds. The "Excellent" range includes beautiful diamonds that return almost as much light. "Very Good" represents the balance between precise proportions and price considerations. Analyzing Cut CUT

19. Deep–Cut “ Nail-Head” “ Strong Cut” Shallow Diamond “ Fish-Eye” “ Palcha Diamond” Well-Cut “ Perfect Cut” “ Ideal-Cut” EFFECTS OF CUT

20. Culet CULET Balance, Brilliance, Dispersion, and Scintillation PAVILLION GIRDLE CROWN Provide a Setting Edge for the gem Reflect light back up through the crown Prevent Chipping at the tip ROLE OF FACETS

21. F ancy shapes are less expensive than Rounds. There is one quality which can affect the cost of a Fancy Shape yet never appear on a Certificate, and that is "Shape Appeal". FANCY SHAPES S hape has an appealing look to it. The best way to judge shape appeal is to look at the stone's girdle outline without a Loupe, and decide if it's attractive You don't need to be a gemologist to know if a Heart

23. CZ Undoubtedly the best diamond simulant available today, Cubic Zirconia has been established as an affordable diamond substitute as well as an important fashion staple in itself. CZ really took off in the 1980's, when Swarovski & Co., a world-renowned Austrian producer of leaded crystal, began producing cubic zirconia for mass consumption. Recently, new developments in CZ production have led to a sparkling new array of CZs in every color of the rainbow. Most people, even trained gemologists, cannot tell the difference with the naked eye

24. Like a diamond? In appearance, cubic zirconia looks almost exactly like a good quality diamond, although there are some slight differences. FIRE and BRILLIANCE CZ has slightly less brilliance (sparkle) than diamond, while having more fire (flashes of rainbow colors). HARDNESS There are very few substances on earth harder than CZ. With a hardness rating of 8.5, CZ comes close to matching diamond's perfect 10 WEIGHT CZ is about 75% heavier than diamond. 1 carat (Real) Diamond = 1.75 carat CZ CLARITY The finest CZs are perfect in clarity. CZ

25. CUT The finest CZ is cut to exacting tolerances, according to the proportions demanded in fine diamond cutting. Finely cut CZs will have a polished girdle and more fire. Diamonds retain superb luster even after centuries of wear wherein CZ loses its luster very soon. However, The overall effect is so similar to diamond that trained gemologists often require special equipment to tell them apart. CZ