PS 240 Thinking Politically Fall 2014
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Beginning lecture, PS 240 Intro to Political Theory, Fall 2014, University of Kentucky.
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PS 240 Thinking Politically Fall 2014
- 1. Thinking Politically Dr. Christopher S. Rice Image (cc) 2005 Flickr user tsmyther
- 2. “Individuals engage in political thinking when they seek to determine which political ideas offer more promise, which political regimes best respond to particular challenges, and which regimes best meet the needs of people.” ~ Steven DeLue
- 5. Human Nature (cc) 2008 Flickr user Alper https://flic.kr/p/5tXxze
- 6. (cc) 2007 Flickr user Gaetan Lee The Common Good (cc) 2006 Flickr user JoseJose (cc) 2006 Flickr user wallyg (cc) 2007 Flickr user rjzil
- 7. Public vs. Private (cc) 2007 Flickr user law_keven (cc) 2006 Flickr user RobW_
- 9. Positive + Negative Freedom (cc) 2005 Flickr user PakyuZ
- 10. Political Thinking means TESTING Political Ideas (cc) 2007 Flickr user *maya*
- 11. Types of Political Theory
- 12. Empirical Theory Describes, explains and evaluates human life as it is lived in community with others, and predicts future patterns of community life.
- 13. Normative Theory Advocates (and criticizes) certain ideals and values about how humans ought to live in community with others and prescribes methods for attaining (or avoiding) these ideas and values
- 14. IS vs. OUGHT TO BE
- 15. Evaluative Theory Theories which connect and provide feedback between empirical and normative theories.
- 17. “Ideology” is the most elusive concept in the whole of social science. ~ David McLellan
- 19. “Study of” Ideas
- 20. Ideology tends to be used pejoratively (cc) 2008 Flickr user Paul Denton Cocker
- 21. Criticisms of ideologies (Robert Putnam, APSR 65, Sept. 1971)
- 22. They provide ideas reflecting people’s private interests rather than more universal, public interests. More specifically, ideologies are the “weapons of the ruling class” – ideas that allow the most powerful members of society to maintain their dominant status.
- 23. They oversimplify and thus distort reality.
- 24. They conceal the way the sociopolitical world really works, camouflaging who most gains and who most loses from particular practices and programs.
- 25. They are mere rationalizations to justify programs that people hope will work, even when there is a lack of evidence to sustain these hopes.
- 26. They induce people to sacrifice the present for unachievable utopian goals.
- 27. They promote closed and rigid thinking that is resistant to new information.
- 28. They are based more on emotion than reason.
- 29. They are based on paranoia, or irrational fears about the motivations and powers of some “evil” opponents, leading to (a) simplistic evaluations contrasting the forces of evil (“them”, the other) against the forces of good (“us”), (b) intolerance of everyone who does not believe precisely as “we” do, and (c) an unwillingness to bargain and compromise with “them”.
- 30. They assert a moral and political absolutism, dogmatically insisting on certain principles and behaviors and demanding conformity to their “truths”.
- 31. They are extremist in that they reject the established political, social and economic institutions and the stable benefits provided by these institutions.
- 32. Ideology is a contested term (cc) 2007 Flickr user JPhiipson
- 33. Ideology A relatively coherent set of empirical and normative beliefs and thought, focusing on the problems of human nature, the process of history, and socio-political arrangements
- 35. How do we analyze Ideologies?
- 37. “The left/right continuum…is itself ideological. It serves the purpose of bestowing a moderate or, respectively, radical or even dangerous aura on an ideology. It suggests that to move among ideologies can be a gradual process, and it indicates that ideologies are mutually exclusive and hence offer clear-cut alternatives.” ~ Michael Freeden
- 38. AUTHORITY LEFT RIGHT LIBERTY Neo-conservatism Free-market Liberalism Fascism Libertarianism Democratic Socialism Social Anarchism Welfare-state Liberalism Communism
- 39. Socialism Communism Liberalism Conservatism Fascism The Horseshoe Configuration
- 40. Liberalism Welfare-State Free-market Socialism Conservatism Communism Fascism The Pie-Shaped Spectrum
- 41. Proximity Priority The 4 P’s of Ideology Michael Freeden Permeability Proportionalit y