1. Engineering projects can be considered a form of social experimentation due to their innovative nature and potential unintended consequences. This results in uncertainty and risks for various stakeholders. 2. Engineers have a responsibility to monitor projects for risks, provide information to allow stakeholders to make informed decisions, and accept accountability for project outcomes. 3. Ethical codes can provide guidance for engineers and help balance responsibilities to stakeholders, but challenges remain with issues like diffusion of accountability in large organizations.

2. Engineering as Social Experimentation M. SHOAIB SIDDIQUE 07-MCT-31 M. ASAD IRSHAD 07-MCT-54

4. It should be viewed as experimental process

5. Involving people

12. Lack of established channels of communications

13. Misplaced pride in not asking for information

14. Embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation.

15. Plain neglect.

17. Visit shop floors and construction sites.

18. Learn from workers and foremen.

19. See how earlier projects faired.

20. How satisfied the customers are.

30. M. ASAD IRSHAD 07-MCT-54