Introduction to MongoDB

An Open Source Document Database
王雋凱 ▪ 曾亭媗 ▪ 林子鈞／IDSL - Dept. of IM - NTUST
12017/1/30

Outline
Introduction to MongoDB
MongoDB Installation
MongoDB CRUD Operations
RESTful API Implementation
2

Introduction to MongoDB
MongoDB 簡介
3

What is MongoDB?
Scalable High-Performance Open-source, Document-orientated database.
◦ Built for Speed
◦ Rich Document based queries for Easy readability.
◦ Full Index Support for High Performance.
◦ Replication and Failover for High Availability.
◦ Auto Sharding for Easy Scalability.
◦ Map / Reduce for Aggregation.
4
MongoDB Installation MongoDB CRUD Operations RESTful API ImplementationIntroduction to MongoDB

Why use MongoDB
◦ SQL was invented in the 70’s to store data.
◦ MongoDB stores documents (or) objects.
◦ Now-a-days, everyone works with objects (Python/Ruby/Java/etc.)
◦ And we need Databases to persist our objects. Then why not store objects directly?
◦ Embedded documents and arrays reduce need for joins. No Joins and No-multi
document transactions.
5

What is MongoDB great for?
◦ RDBMS replacement for Web Applications.
◦ Semi-structured Content Management.
◦ Real-time Analytics & High-Speed Logging
◦ Caching and High Scalability
Web 2.0, Media, SAAS, Gaming
HealthCare, Finance, Telecom, Government
6

Not great for?
◦ Highly Transactional Applications.
◦ Problems requiring SQL.
Some Companies using MongoDB in Production
7

Features
Simple Queries
◦ 簡單的查詢語句，沒有 join 操作
Document-based data model
◦ 資料使用 BSON (Binary JSON) 儲存
Sharding
◦ 提供 auto-sharding 實現資料的擴展性
GridFS
◦ MongoDB 的提供的文件儲存 API
MultiKeys
◦ 可以對 document 的某個數組屬性建立索引
MapReduce
◦ 可以用於進行複雜的統計和平行計算
Better Performance
◦ 使用 mmap 和定時 fsync 的方法，避免頻繁
I/O，使其性能更高
8

Terminology
RDBMS MongoDB
Database Database
Table Collection
Record/Row Document
Column Field
Primary Key _id
Foreign Key
9

BSON Types
◦ Double 浮點數
◦ String 字串
◦ Object 物件
◦ Array 陣列
◦ Binary data 二進位資料
◦ Undefined Deprecated
◦ Object id 物件編號
◦ Boolean 布林
◦ Date 日期
◦ Null 空字元
◦ Regular Expression 正規表示式
◦ JavaScript JavaScript
◦ Symbol 符號
◦ JavaScript (with scope) JavaScript (with scope)
◦ 32-bit integer 32 位元整數
◦ Timestamp 時間戳
◦ 64-bit integer 64 位元整數
◦ Min key 最大值
◦ Max key 最小值
10

DB-Engines Ranking
http://db-engines.com/en/ranking
11

MongoDB Installation
安裝 MongoDB
12

Installation
http://www.mongodb.org/downloads
13

Install MongoDB on Amazon EC2 (1/2)
About EC2
◦ EC2 is a Linux box
◦ Install MongoDB on EC2 is like install it on any Linux
Our installation
◦ We’ve installed MongoDB on EC2, with Ubuntu Linux Distribution
◦ It’s easy to setup EC2 instance, with few clicks on AWS console
◦ Following official instruction from MongoDB http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/tutorial/install-
mongodb-on-ubuntu/
◦ After this, you should be able to interact MongoDB with its console
14

Install MongoDB on Amazon EC2 (2/2)
Launch EC2 instance
◦ Remember to add your RSA public key for login into your AWS account before proceed
◦ Choose machine image (We have tested Ubuntu)
◦ Select instance type (spec), detail configurations and add storage(can leave them),
◦ Configure Security group (firewall, it allows ssh connection by default)
◦ Launch
MongoDB installation (Install binary from repository)
◦ Details are described in the link provided in the last slide
◦ Add GPG key for repo
◦ Add list for MongoDB.org repo
◦ Install it by apt
◦ Start service
◦ Use “mongo” to launch console and interact with it
15

Tool for Monitoring MongoDB
Mongo Management Service (MMS)
◦ https://mms.mongodb.com/
◦ Provision
◦ Any topology, at scale.
◦ Upgrade
◦ In minutes, with no downtime.
◦ Scale
◦ Add capacity, without taking your application offline.
◦ Continuous Backup
◦ Customize to meet your recovery goals.
◦ Point-in-time Recovery
◦ Restore to any point in time, because disasters aren't scheduled.
◦ Performance Alerts
◦ Monitor 100+ system metrics and get custom alerts before your system degrades.
16

Alternative Solutions for Installing MongoDB
MongoLab
◦ https://mongolab.com/
◦ Instead of install EC2 manually, it’s a PaaS delivers MongoDB service.
◦ Can deploy on AWS, Azure, Rackspace…etc
Amazon DynamoDB
◦ http://aws.amazon.com/dynamodb/
◦ Amazon DynamoDB is a fast and flexible NoSQL database service for all applications that need
consistent, single-digit millisecond latency at any scale.
17

Documentation
http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/
18

MongoDB CRUD Operations
MongoDB 資料的新增、讀取、修改、刪除之操作
19

Document & Collection
Document Collection
20

Insert Documents (1/2)
Insert a document
21
db.inventory.insert(
{
item: "ABC1",
details: {
model: "14Q3",
manufacturer: "XYZ Company"
},
stock: [ { size: "S", qty: 25 }, { size: "M", qty: 50 } ],
category: "clothing"
}
)

Insert Documents (2/2)
Insert an Array of Documents
◦ Create an array of documents
◦ Insert the documents
22
var mydocuments =
[
{
item: "ABC2",
details: { model: "14Q3", manufacturer: "M1 Corporation" },
stock: [ { size: "M", qty: 50 } ],
},
{
item: "MNO2",
details: { model: "14Q3", manufacturer: "ABC Company" },
stock: [ { size: "S", qty: 5 }, { size: "M", qty: 5 }, { size: "L", qty: 1 } ],
},
];
db.inventory.insert( mydocuments );

Query Documents (1/4)
Select All Documents in a Collection
Equivalent to the previous operation
23
db.inventory.find( {} )
// SELECT * FROM inventory
db.inventory.find()
// SELECT * FROM inventory

Specify Equality Condition
Specify Conditions Using Query Operators
24
db.inventory.find( { type: "snacks" } )
// SELECT * FROM inventory WHERE type = 'snacks'
db.inventory.find( { type: { $in: [ 'food', 'snacks' ] } } )
// SELECT * FROM inventory WHERE type IN ('food', 'snacks')

Specify AND Conditions
Specify OR Conditions
25
db.inventory.find( { type: 'food', price: { $lt: 9.95 } } )
// SELECT * FROM inventory WHERE type = 'food' AND price < 9.95
db.inventory.find(
{
$or: [ { qty: { $gt: 100 } }, { price: { $lt: 9.95 } } ]
}
)
// SELECT * FROM inventory WHERE qty > 100 OR price < 9.95

Specify AND as well as OR Conditions
Query and Projection Operators
http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/query/
26
db.inventory.find(
{
type: 'food',
$or: [ { qty: { $gt: 100 } }, { price: { $lt: 9.95 } } ]
}
)
// SELECT * FROM inventory WHERE type = 'food' AND qty > 100 OR price < 9.95

Modify Documents (1/2)
Update Specific Fields in a Document
27
db.inventory.update(
{ item: "MNO2" },
{
$set: {
category: "apparel",
details: { model: "14Q3", manufacturer: "XYZ Company" }
},
$currentDate: { lastModified: true }
}
)

Modify Documents (2/2)
Update multiple documents
28
db.inventory.update(
{ category: "clothing" },
{
$set: { category: "apparel" },
$currentDate: { lastModified: true }
},
{ multi: true }
)

Remove Documents
Remove All Documents
Remove Documents that Match a Condition
Remove a Single Document that Matches a Condition
29
db.inventory.remove({})
db.inventory.remove( { type : "food" } )
db.inventory.remove( { type : "food" }, 1 )

RESTful API 實作 – 使用 Node.js、Express.js 和 MongoDB
30

31
實驗
◦ 使用 MongoDB 作為後端資料庫
◦ 設計 REST 風格的 API 對應資料庫的新增、讀取、修改、刪除之操作
◦ 透過 API 建立一個簡易的 Blog 應用程式
HTTP verb URL Action
GET /api/article Display all articles
GET /api/article/{id} Display an article by id
POST /api/article Create an article
PUT /api/article/{id} Update an article by id
DELETE /api/article/{id} Delete an article by id

Install Node.js and Express.js
Install Node.js
◦ http://nodejs.org/download/
Install Express.js & Express.js Generator
Create a Express.js Project
32
$ npm install express express-generator -g
$ express myProject

Mongoose (1/2)
關聯式資料庫有 ORM (Object-relational Mapper)
文件式資料庫有 ODM (Object-document Mapper)
Mongoose
◦ Officially supported ODM (Object-document Mapper) for Node.js
◦ Advanced schema-based features
◦ Object life-cycle management
◦ Documentation：http://mongoosejs.com/
33
$ npm install mongoose --save

Mongoose (2/2)
Connecting to MongoDB
Defining a Model
34
var mongoose = require('mongoose');
mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost/my_database');
var Schema = mongoose.Schema;
var ArticleSchema = new Schema({
title: String,
author: String,
body: String,
datetime: { type: Date, default: Date.now }
});
mongoose.model('Article', ArticleSchema);

Design RESTful API (1/5)
Display all articles
35
router.get('/article', function (req, res, next) {
Article.find(function (err, articles) {
if (err) return next(err);
res.json(articles);
});
});

Display an article
36
router.get('/article/:id', function (req, res, next) {
Article.findOne({ _id: req.params.id }, function (err, article) {
res.json(article);
});
});

Create an article
37
router.post('/article', function (req, res, next) {
var article = new Article(req.body);
article.save(function (err) {
res.json({ message: 'Article Added' });
});
});

Update an article
38
router.put('/article/:id', function (req, res, next) {
Article.findOne({ _id: req.params.id }, function(err, article) {
for (prop in req.body) {
article[prop] = req.body[prop];
}
article.save(function(err) {
res.json({ message: 'Article updated' });
});
});
});

Delete an article
39
router.delete('/article/:id', function (req, res, next) {
Article.remove({_id: req.params.id}, function(err, article) {
res.json({ message: 'Successfully deleted' });
});
});

Use Postman for Testing
Postman is a free plugin for the Chrome browser.
40

Integrate with API
Using AngularJS to build web app.
MEAN stack is pure JavaScript solutions.
Demo
◦ https://mean-app-demo.herokuapp.com/
41

Sample Code
https://github.com/chunkai1312/mean-app-demo
42

Introduction to MongoDB

Recomendados

Recomendados

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

La actualidad más candente (20)

Destacado

Destacado (8)

Similar a Introduction to MongoDB

Similar a Introduction to MongoDB (20)

Último

Último (20)

Introduction to MongoDB

Notas del editor